Structured low-density parity-check (LDPC) code

A method of decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoded data, comprising:

• receiving encoded data from a data source;
• and
• applying the following expanded parity check matrix to the encoded data to generate decoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96).

Apparatus for low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoding data, comprising:

• an input port operable to receive input data from a data source;
• and
• circuitry coupled to the input port and operable to apply the following expanded parity check matrix to the input data to generate encoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96).

Apparatus for low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoding data, comprising:

• an input port operable to receive input data from a data source;
• and
• a matrix application element operable to apply the following expanded parity check matrix to the input data to generate encoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96).

Apparatus for low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoding data, comprising:

• an input port operable to receive input data from a data source;
• and
• means for applying the following expanded parity check matrix to the input data to generate encoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96).

Apparatus for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoded data, comprising:

• an input port operable to receive encoded data from a data source;
• and
• circuitry coupled to the input port and operable to apply the following expanded parity check matrix to the encoded data to generate decoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96).

Apparatus for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoded data, comprising:

• an input port operable to receive encoded data from a data source;
• and
• a matrix application element operable to apply the following expanded parity check matrix to the encoded data to generate decoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96).

Apparatus for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoded data, comprising:

• an input port operable to receive encoded data from a data source;
• and
• means for applying the following expanded parity check matrix to the encoded data to generate decoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96).

A telecommunications network, comprising:

• an LDPC encoder operable to apply the following expanded parity check matrix to input data to generate encoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96);
• a transmitter operable to transmit the encoded data over a transmission medium;
• a receiver operable to receive the transmitted encoded data;
• and
• an LDPC decoder operable to apply said expanded parity check matrix to the encoded data to recover the input data.

A method of operating a telecommunications network, comprising:

• applying the following expanded parity check matrix to input data to generate encoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96);
• transmitting the encoded data over a transmission medium;
• receiving the transmitted encoded data;
• and
• applying said expanded parity check matrix to the encoded data to recover the input data.

A transceiver, comprising:

• an LDPC encoder operable to apply the following expanded parity check matrix to input data to generate encoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96);
• a transmitter operable to transmit the encoded data over a transmission medium;
• a receiver operable to receive encoded data from the transmission medium;
• and
• an LDPC decoder operable to apply said expanded parity check matrix to the received encoded data to generate decoded data.

A method of operating a transceiver, comprising:

• applying the following expanded parity check matrix to input data to generate encoded data:
• 6
• 38
• 3
• 93
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 30
• 70
• −1
• 86
• −1
• 37
• 38
• 4
• 11
• −1
• 46
• 48
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 62
• 94
• 19
• 84
• −1
• 95
• 78
• −1
• 15
• −1
• −1
• 92
• −1
• 45
• 24
• 32
• 30
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 71
• −1
• 55
• −1
• 12
• 66
• 45
• 79
• −1
• 78
• −1
• −1
• 10
• −1
• 22
• 55
• 70
• 82
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 38
• 61
• −1
• 66
• 9
• 73
• 47
• 64
• −1
• 39
• 61
• 43
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 95
• 32
• 0
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 32
• 52
• 55
• 80
• 95
• 22
• 6
• 51
• 24
• 90
• 44
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• 0
• −1
• 63
• 31
• 88
• 20
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 6
• 40
• 66
• 16
• 71
• 53
• −1
• −1
• 27
• 26
• 48
• −1
• −1
• −1
• −1
• 0
• wherein an expansion factor, L, is between 24 and 96, −1 represents an L×L all-zero square matrix, and
• any other integer, Sij, represents an L×L identity matrix circularly right shifted by a shift amount equal to floor ((L×Sij)/96);
• transmitting the encoded data over a transmission medium;
• receiving encoded data from the transmission medium;
• and
• applying said expanded parity check matrix to the received encoded data to generate decoded data.

A method to operate a wireless device to encode data using low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoding, the method comprising:

• computing a number of modulated orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols for transmitting the data;
• computing a number of shortening bits Nshortened for at least one LDPC codeword to be used during an encoding;
• distributing the number of shortening bits Nshortened over the at least one LDPC codeword;
• computing a number of puncturing bits Npunctured for the at least one LDPC codeword;
• distributing the number of puncturing bits over the at least one LDPC codeword;
• determining a criterion using at least one of the number of shortening bits Nshortened and the number of puncturing bits Npunctured;
• if the criterion is met, increasing the number of modulated OFDM symbols and recalculating the number of puncturing bits Npunctured;
• generating the encoded data using the number of shortening bits Nshortened, the number of puncturing bits Npunctured, and the at least one LDPC codeword, wherein shortening is performed by setting Nshortened information bits to 0 within the at least one LDPC codeword, and puncturing is performed by discarding Npunctured parity bits from the at least one LDPC codeword;
• and
• transmitting the encoded data.

A wireless device comprising:

• a low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoder circuit configured to:
• compute a number of modulated orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols for transmitting data;
• compute a number of shortening bits Nshortened for at least one LDPC codeword to be used during an encoding;
• distribute the number of shortening bits Nshortened over the at least one LDPC codeword;
• compute a number of puncturing bits Npunctured for the at least one LDPC codeword;
• distribute the number of puncturing bits over the at least one LDPC codeword;
• determine a criterion using at least one of the number of shortening bits Nshortened and the number of puncturing bits Npunctured;
• if the criterion is met, increase the number of modulated OFDM symbols and recalculate the number of puncturing bits Npunctured;
• and
• generate the encoded data using the number of shortening bits Nshortened, the number of puncturing bits Npunctured, and the at least one LDPC codeword, wherein shortening is performed by setting Nshortened information bits to 0 within the at least one LDPC codeword, and puncturing is performed by discarding Npunctured parity bits from the at least one LDPC codeword;
• and
• a transmitter configured to transmit the encoded data.

A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions that when executed by a wireless device cause the wireless device to perform steps of a method to encode data using low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoding, the method comprising:

• computing a number of modulated orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols for transmitting the data;
• computing a number of shortening bits Nshortened for at least one LDPC codeword to be used during an encoding;
• distributing the number of shortening bits Nshortened over the at least one LDPC codeword;
• computing a number of puncturing bits Npunctured for the at least one LDPC codeword;
• distributing the number of puncturing bits over the at least one LDPC codeword;
• determining a criterion using at least one of the number of shortening bits Nshortened and the number of puncturing bits Npunctured;
• if the criterion is met, increasing the number of modulated OFDM symbols and recalculating the number of puncturing bits Npunctured;
• generating the encoded data using the number of shortening bits Nshortened, the number of puncturing bits Npunctured, and the at least one LDPC codeword, wherein shortening is performed by setting Nshortened information bits to 0 within the at least one LDPC codeword, and puncturing is performed by discarding Npunctured parity bits from the at least one LDPC codeword;
• and
• transmitting the encoded data.