# US RE49,034 E1 · Physiological trend monitor

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- Number: US RE49,034 E1
- Document ID: USRE49034E1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: E1
- Application number: 16/385,846
- Filed: 2019-04-16
- Granted: 2022-04-19
- Earliest claimed: 2002-01-24
- Assignees: Masimo Corporation
- Applicants: Masimo Corporation
- Inventors: Ammar Al-Ali
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/USRE49034E1

## CPC

- A61B 5/14551: {for measuring blood gases}
- A61B 5/021: Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B 5/0816: {Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency (measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00)}
- A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement}
- A61B 5/14546: {for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes}
- A61B 5/318: Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B 5/746: {Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms}
- A61B 5/316: Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)

## Abstract

A physiological trend monitor has a sensor signal responsive to multiple wavelengths of light transmitted into a tissue site. The transmitted light is detected after attenuation by pulsatile blood flow within the tissue site. A processor has an input responsive to the sensor signal and a physiological parameter output. Features are extracted from the physiological parameter output. Criteria are applied to the features. An alarm output is generated when the criteria are satisfied.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system for non-invasively monitoring physiological trends, the system comprising:
a processor comprising a sensor signal input and a display driver, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, at the sensor signal input, a sensor signal from an optical sensor coupled with a patient, the sensor signal responsive to light attenuated by body tissue of the patient;
calculate a physiological parameter and a physiological parameter trend based on the sensor signal;
output, by the display driver, a value of the physiological parameter for presentation on a display; and
output an audible alarm once the physiological parameter reaches a threshold if the physiological parameter trend is not trending upward.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to suppress the audible alarm once the smoothed physiological parameter rises above the threshold, even if the physiological parameter trend is flat or trending downward.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to suppress the audible alarm once the physiological parameter trend begins to trend upward, even if the physiological parameter is under the threshold.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate the physiological parameter by smoothing physiological parameter values.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate the physiological parameter by integrating physiological parameter values.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate the physiological parameter trend using a curve-fitting technique.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to output the audible alarm responsive to the physiological parameter trend being negative.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to output the audible alarm responsive to the physiological parameter trend being zero.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the physiological parameter is selected from the group consisting of oxygen saturation, blood glucose, total hemoglobin concentration, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiration rate.

### Claim 10

A system for non-invasively monitoring physiological trends, the system comprising:
a processor comprising a sensor signal input and a display driver, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, at the sensor signal input, a sensor signal from an optical sensor coupled with a patient, the sensor signal responsive to light attenuated by body tissue of the patient;
calculate a physiological parameter based on the sensor signal;
output, by the display driver, a value of the physiological parameter for presentation on a display; and
output an audible alarm once the physiological parameter reaches a threshold if a physiological parameter trend of physiological parameter values is not trending upward.