Electric motor

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein the first to the ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires formed from the first conductive wire,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires formed from the second conductive wire,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires have a first coil winding wire and a second coil winding wire which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the second coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to a segment arranged at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other, and the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein segments which exist at positions which are point symmetric about the rotary shaft among the segments are electrically connected to each other via the connecting wires,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires have a first coil winding wire and a second coil winding wire which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the second coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other, and the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround five teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein segments which exist at positions which are point symmetric about the rotary shaft among the segments are electrically connected to each other via the connecting wires,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires have a first coil winding wire and a second coil winding wire which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the second coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to a segment arranged at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other, and the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround five teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein segments which exist at positions which are point symmetric about the rotary shaft among the segments are electrically connected to each other via the connecting wires,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires have a first coil winding wire and a second coil winding wire which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the second coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other, and the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround three teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein segments which exist at positions which are point symmetric about the rotary shaft among the segments are electrically connected to each other via the connecting wires,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires have a first coil winding wire and a second coil winding wire which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the second coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to a segment arranged at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other, and the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround three teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein segments which exist at positions which are point symmetric about the rotary shaft among the segments are electrically connected to each other via the connecting wires,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires form first to fourth coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other,
• wherein an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the fourth coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround five teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the third coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the first coil winding wire exists, to the five teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the fourth coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the second coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the third coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround five other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the first coil winding wire and the third coil winding wire are wound in the same direction as each other, the second coil winding wire and the fourth coil winding wire are wound in the same direction as each other, and the winding direction of the first coil winding wire and the winding direction of the second coil winding wire are directions opposite to each other,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein segments which exist at positions which are point symmetric about the rotary shaft among the segments are electrically connected to each other via the connecting wires,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires form first to fourth coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other,
• wherein an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the fourth coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround three teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the third coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the first coil winding wire exists, to the three teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the fourth coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the second coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the third coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround three other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the first coil winding wire and the third coil winding wire are wound in the same direction as each other, the second coil winding wire and the fourth coil winding wire are wound in the same direction as each other, and the winding direction of the first coil winding wire and the winding direction of the second coil winding wire are directions opposite to each other,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of (two) segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein the first to the ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires formed from the first conductive wire,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires formed from the second conductive wire,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires form first to fourth coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the fourth coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to a segment existing at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the third coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the first coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the fourth coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the second coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the third coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the plurality of brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of (two) segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein the first to the ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires formed from the first conductive wire,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires formed from the second conductive wire,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires form first to fourth coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the fourth coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to a segment arranged at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the third coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the first coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the fourth coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the first coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the third coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the plurality of brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein the first to the ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires formed from the first conductive wire,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires formed from the second conductive wire,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires form first to fourth coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator in the state of being wound around the rotary shaft, and an end of the fourth coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected in the state of being wound around the rotary shaft,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the third coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the first coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the fourth coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the second coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the third coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein the nine connecting wires and the other nine connecting wires are each connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other in a radial direction and
• wherein the plurality of brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein the first to the ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires formed from the first conductive wire,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires formed from the second conductive wire,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires form first to fourth coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator in the state of being wound around the rotary shaft, and an end of the fourth coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected in the state of being wound around the rotary shaft,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the second coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four other teeth which are adjacent to each other and which are five teeth away with respect to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound,
• wherein the third coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the first coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the fourth coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound between the first coil winding wire and the second coil winding wire, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding directions of the first coil winding wire and the second coil winding wire are the same as each other, the winding directions of the third coil winding wire and the fourth coil winding wire are the same as each other, and the winding direction of the first coil winding wire and the winding direction of the third coil winding wire are opposite to each other,
• wherein the nine connecting wires and the other nine connecting wires are each connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other in a radial direction and
• wherein the plurality of brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein the first to the ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires formed from the first conductive wire,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires formed from the second conductive wire,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires form first to fourth coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator in the state of being wounded around the rotary shaft, and an end of the fourth coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected in the state of being wound around the rotary shaft,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the third coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the first coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the fourth coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the second coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the third coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein the nine connecting wires and the other nine connecting wires are each connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other in a radial direction and
• wherein the plurality of brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein the first to the ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires formed from the first conductive wire,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires formed from the second conductive wire,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires form first to fourth coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator in the state of being wound around the rotary shaft, and an end of the fourth coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected in the state of being wound around the rotary shaft,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the second coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four other teeth which are adjacent to each other which are five teeth away with respect to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound,
• wherein the third coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent, on the side opposite to the side where the first coil winding wire exists, to the four teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the fourth coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound between the first coil winding wire and the second coil winding wire, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding directions of the first coil winding wire and the second coil winding wire are the same as each other, the winding directions of the third coil winding wire and the fourth coil winding wire are the same as each other, and the winding direction of the first coil winding wire and the winding direction of the third coil winding wire are opposite to each other,
• wherein the nine connecting wires and the other nine connecting wires are each connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other in a radial direction and
• wherein the plurality of brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein the first to the ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires formed from the first conductive wire,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires formed from the second winding wire,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires have a first coil winding wire and a second coil winding wire which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the second coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to a segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other, and the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to each face respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires,
• wherein the first to the ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires formed from the first conductive wire,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires are joined together in a series via respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires formed from the second winding wire,
• wherein respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires and the other first to ninth winding wires have a first coil winding wire and a second coil winding wire which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the second coil winding wire is connected to a segment adjacent to a segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other, and the second coil winding wire is arranged at a position adjacent to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound with one tooth therebetween, and is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the winding direction of the second coil winding wire is opposite to the winding direction of the first coil winding wire,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a housing which is a magnetic yoke;
• a plurality of pairs of magnets fixed onto the inner wall of the housing;
• an armature including a rotary shaft, an armature core which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of radially formed teeth, a commutator which is fixed onto the rotary shaft and has a plurality of segments, an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core and having a plurality of winding wires connected to the segments of the commutator, and a plurality of connecting wires connecting one pair of segments of the commutator, wherein the armature is arranged so as to be surrounded by the plurality of pairs of magnets and is rotatably supported by the housing;
• and
• a plurality of brushes capable of making sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature,
• wherein segments which exist at positions which are point symmetric about the rotary shaft among the segments are electrically connected to each other via the connecting wires,
• wherein the number of pole pairs of the magnets is two, the number of the teeth is 18, and the number of the segments of the commutator is 18,
• wherein the armature has a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire,
• wherein the plurality of winding wires has first to ninth winding wires formed from the first conductive wire, and other first to ninth winding wires formed from the second conductive wire and arranged so as to be spaced apart from respective winding wires of the first to ninth winding wires, respectively, by predetermined gaps,
• wherein the first to ninth winding wires form first and second coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other, an end of the first coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the second coil winding wire is connected to a segment spaced apart by a predetermined gap from the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the other first to ninth winding wires form third and fourth coil winding wires which are connected in series to each other, an end of the third coil winding wire is connected to one segment of the commutator, and an end of the fourth coil winding wire is connected to a segment spaced apart by a predetermined gap from the segment to which the end of the first coil winding wire is connected,
• wherein the first coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other,
• wherein the second coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other, including any one slot of slots around which the winding wires are wound, with respect to the four teeth around which the first coil winding wire is wound,
• wherein the third coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four other teeth adjacent to each other from a position spaced apart by two teeth from the four teeth around which the second coil winding wire is wound,
• wherein the fourth coil winding wire is wound so as to surround four teeth adjacent to each other, including a slot adjacent to the second coil winding wire on the opposite side among slots around which the winding wires are wound, with respect to the four teeth around which the third coil winding wire is wound,
• wherein the first coil winding wire and the third coil winding wire are wound in the same direction as each other, the second coil winding wire and the fourth coil winding wire are wound in the same direction as each other, and the winding direction of the first coil winding wire and the winding direction of the second coil winding wire are directions opposite to each other,
• wherein respective connecting wires of the nine connecting wires and respective connecting wires of the other nine connecting wires are connected to one pair of segments which is arranged to face each other, and
• wherein the brushes have first and second brushes selectively connected to a first power supply terminal, and a third brush connected to a second power supply terminal, the first brush is arranged at a position separated from the third brush by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush is arranged at a position separated by a predetermined angle from a position separated from the third brush by an electric angle of about 180°.

An electric motor comprising:

• a yoke having a plurality of magnet pairs fixed to an inner wall to define at least two pair of magnetic poles;
• an armature surrounded by the plurality of magnet pairs and rotatably supported within a housing, the armature including:
• a rotary shaft;
• an armature core disposed on the rotary shaft and having eighteen teeth radially extending therefrom;
• a commutator disposed on the rotary shaft adjacent to the armature core and having nine segment pairs, each segment pair having a first segment and a second segment arranged adjacent to the first segment;
• an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core, the armature coil having a first conductive wire including:
• a first set of nine winding wires, each winding wire associated with one of the nine segment pairs and having a leading portion, a winding portion and a trailing portion, the leading portion extending along a first direction between the associated first segment and the winding portion, which is located at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the associate first segment, the trailing portion extending along the first direction between the winding portion and the associated second segment, and the winding portion wrapping a plurality of adjacent teeth;
• and
• a first set of nine connecting wires, each connecting wire associated with one of the first set of nine winding wires, one of the first set of nine connecting wires extending between the associated second segment of the associated winding wire and a first segment of a next winding wire which is point symmetric with respect to the associated second segment of the associated winding wire such that the first set of nine winding wires are joined together in series;
• and
• a second conductive wire including:
• a second set of nine winding wires, each winding wire associated with one of the nine segment pairs and having a leading portion, a winding portion and a trailing portion, the leading portion extending along the first direction between the associated first segment and the winding portion, which is located at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the associate first segment, the trailing portion extending along the first direction between the winding portion and the associated second segment, and the winding portion wrapping a plurality of adjacent teeth, wherein the second set of nine winding wires is arranged at a facing position which is point symmetric with respect to the first set of nine winding wires;
• a second set of nine connecting wires, each connecting wire associated with one of the second set of nine winding wires, one of the second set of nine connecting wires extending between the associated second segment of the associated winding wire and a first segment of a next winding wire which is point symmetric with respect to the associated second segment of the associated winding wire such that the second set of nine winding wires are joined together in series;
• and
• a plurality of brushes adapted to make sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature, the plurality of brushes including a first brush and a second brush selectively coupled to a first terminal, and a third brush coupled to a second terminal, the first brush and the third brush separated by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush spaced by a predetermined electrical angle less than about 180° from the third brush.

An armature for an electric motor comprising:

• a rotary shaft;
• an armature core disposed on the rotary shaft and having eighteen teeth radially extending therefrom;
• a commutator disposed on the rotary shaft adjacent to the armature core and having nine segment pairs, each segment pair having a first segment and a second segment arranged adjacent to the first segment;
• an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core, the armature coil having a first conductive wire including:
• a first set of nine winding wires, each winding wire associated with one of the nine segment pairs and having a leading portion, a winding portion and a trailing portion, the leading portion extending along a first direction between the associated first segment and the winding portion, which is located at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the associate first segment, the trailing portion extending along the first direction between the winding portion and the associated second segment, and the winding portion wrapping a plurality of adjacent teeth;
• and
• a first set of nine connecting wires, each connecting wire associated with one of the first set of nine winding wires, one of the first set of nine connecting wires extending between the associated second segment of the associated winding wire and a first segment of a next winding wire which is point symmetric with respect to the associated second segment of the associated winding wire such that the first set of nine winding wires are joined together in series;
• and
• a second conductive wire including:
• a second set of nine winding wires, each winding wire associated with one of the nine segment pairs and having a leading portion, a winding portion and a trailing portion, the leading portion extending along the first direction between the associated first segment and the winding portion, which is located at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the associate first segment, the trailing portion extending along the first direction between the winding portion and the associated second segment, and the winding portion wrapping a plurality of adjacent teeth, wherein the second set of nine winding wires is arranged at a facing position which is point symmetric with respect to the first set of nine winding wires;
• a second set of nine connecting wires, each connecting wire associated with one of the second set of nine winding wires, one of the second set of nine connecting wires extending between the associated second segment of the associated winding wire and a first segment of a next winding wire which is point symmetric with respect to the associated second segment of the associated winding wire such that the second set of nine winding wires are joined together in series.

An electric motor comprising:

• at least one magnetic pole pairs fixed to an inner wall of a yoke;
• an armature surrounded by the yoke and rotatably supported within a housing, the armature including:
• a rotary shaft;
• an armature core disposed on the rotary shaft and having a plurality of teeth radially extending therefrom;
• a commutator disposed on the rotary shaft and having a plurality of segment pairs, each segment pair having a first segment and a second segment arranged adjacent to the first segment;
• an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core, the armature coil having a first conductive wire including:
• a first plurality of winding wires, each winding wire associated with one of the plurality of segment pairs and having a leading portion, a winding portion and a trailing portion, the leading portion along a first direction between the associated first segment and the winding portion, which is located at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the associate first segment, the trailing portion extending the first direction between the winding portion and the associated second segment, and the winding portion wrapping a plurality of adjacent teeth;
• and
• a first plurality of connecting wires, each connecting wire associated with one of the first plurality of winding wires, one of the first plurality of connecting wires extending between the associated second segment of the associated winding wire and a first segment of a next winding wire which is point symmetric with respect to the associated second segment of the associated winding wire such that the first plurality of winding wires are joined together in series;
• and
• a second conductive wire including:
• a second plurality of winding wires, each winding wire associated with one of the plurality of segment pairs and having a leading portion, a winding portion and a trailing portion, the leading portion extending along the first direction between the associated first segment and the winding portion, which is located at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the associate first segment, the trailing portion extending the first direction between the winding portion and the associated second segment, and the winding portion wrapping a plurality of adjacent teeth, wherein the second plurality of winding wires are arranged at a facing position which is point symmetric with respect to the first plurality of winding wires;
• and
• a second plurality of connecting wires, each connecting wire associated with one of the second plurality of winding wires, one of the second plurality of connecting wires extending between the associated second segment of the associated winding wire and a first segment of a next winding wire which is point symmetric with respect to the associated second segment of the associated winding wire such that the second plurality of winding wires are joined together in series;
• wherein the number of teeth is twice the number of segment pairs and equal to the number of winding wires and the number of connecting wires;
• and
• a plurality of brushes adapted to make sliding contact with the segments of the commutator of the armature, the plurality of brushes including a first brush and a second brush selectively coupled to a first terminal, and a third brush coupled to a second terminal, the first brush and the third brush separated by an electrical angle of about 180°, and the second brush spaced by a predetermined electrical angle less than about 180° from the third brush.

An armature for an electric motor comprising:

• a rotary shaft;
• an armature core disposed on the rotary shaft and having a plurality of teeth radially extending therefrom;
• a commutator disposed on the rotary shaft and having a plurality of segment pairs, each segment pair having a first segment and a second segment arranged adjacent to the first segment;
• an armature coil wound so as to surround the teeth of the armature core, the armature coil having a first conductive wire including:
• a first plurality of winding wires, each winding wire associated with one of the plurality of segment pairs and having a leading portion, a winding portion and a trailing portion, the leading portion extending along a first direction between the associated first segment and the winding portion, which is located at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the associate first segment, the trailing portion extending the first direction between the winding portion and the associated second segment, and the winding portion wrapping a plurality of adjacent teeth;
• and
• a first plurality of connecting wires, each connecting wire associated with one of the first plurality of winding wires, one of the first plurality of connecting wires extending between the associated second segment of the associated winding wire and a first segment of a next winding wire which is point symmetric with respect to the associated second segment of the associated winding wire such that the first plurality of winding wires are joined together in series;
• and
• a second conductive wire including:
• a second plurality of winding wires, each winding wire associated with one of the plurality of segment pairs and having a leading portion, a winding portion and a trailing portion, the leading portion extending along the first direction between the associated first segment and the winding portion, which is located at a position which is point symmetric about the rotary shaft with respect to the associate first segment, the trailing portion extending along the first direction between the winding portion and the associated second segment, and the winding portion wrapping a plurality of adjacent teeth, wherein the second plurality of winding wires are arranged at a facing position which is point symmetric with respect to the first plurality of winding wires;
• and
• a second plurality of connecting wires, each connecting wire associated with one of the second plurality of winding wires, one of the second plurality of connecting wires extending between the associated second segment of the associated winding wire and a first segment of a next winding wire which is point symmetric with respect to the associated second segment of the associated winding wire such that the second plurality of winding wires are joined together in series;
• wherein the number of teeth is twice the number of segment pairs and equal to the number of winding wires and the number of connecting wires.