Hydrodealkylation processes
AssigneeChevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
InventorsJohn V. Heyse, Bernard F. Mulaskey, Robert A. Innes, Daniel P. Hagewiesche, William J. Cannella, David C. Kramer
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
Carburization and metal-dusting while hydrodealkylating a hydrodealkylatable hydrocarbon are reduced even in the substantial absence of added sulfur.
Claims151
A method for hydrodealkylating a hydrodealkylatable hydrocarbon comprising (i) treating at least a portion of a hydrodealkylation reactor system with a carburization resistant composition, and (ii) contacting said hydrocarbon in said treated reactor system with hydrogen under low sulfur hydrodealkylation conditions of 100 ppm or less and wherein said carburization resistant composition comprises, in major proportion, a member selected from the group consisting of aluminum, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, brass, gallium, germanium, indium, lead, selenium, tellurium, tin or intermetallic compounds and alloys thereof.
A method for hydrodealkylating a hydrodealkylatable hydrocarbon comprising:
- (i) providing a carburization and abrasion resistant protective layer to a nickel containing stainless steel portion of a hydrodealkylation reactor system by (a) applying to the stainless steel portion a metal plating, cladding or other coating of a metal effective for forming a carburization resistant protective layer, to a thickness effective to isolate the steel portion from hydrocarbons during operation while avoiding any substantial liquid metal embrittlement, and (b) forming the protective layer, anchored to the stainless steel portion through an intermediate bonding layer comprising carbide;
- (ii) hydrodealkylating a hydrodealkylatable hydrocarbon feed wherein the sulfur levels in the reactor system do not exceed 100 ppm and wherein said metal is applied as a plating, cladding, or other coating comprising at least in major portion a metal selected from the group consisting of antimony, arsenic, bismuth, aluminum, gallium, germanium, indium, lead, selenium, tellurium, tin and mixtures thereof.
A hydrocarbon conversion process conducted with a hydrocarbon feed having a sulfur content lower than about 100 ppm, said process selected from the group consisting of nonoxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins and dienes, oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins and dienes, dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene, conversion of light hydrocarbons to aromatics, transalkylation of toluene to benzene and xylenes, dealkylation of alkylaromatics to aromatics, alkylation of aromatics to alkylaromatics, production of fuels and chemicals from H2 and CO, steam reforming of hydrocarbons to H2 and CO, and methanol alkylation of toluene to xylenes, comprising:
- (i) providing a carburization and abrasion resistant protective layer to a nickel containing stainless steel portion of a reactor system by (a) applying to the stainless steel portion a metal plating, cladding or other coating of a metal effective for forming a carburization resistant protective layer, to a thickness effective to isolate the steel portion from hydrocarbons during operation while avoiding any substantial liquid metal embrittlement, and (b) forming the protective layer, anchored to the stainless steel portion through an intermediate carbide-rich bonding layer comprising carbide;
- (ii) converting hydrocarbons in the reactor system and wherein said metal is applied as a plating, cladding or other coating comprising at least in major proportion a metal selected from the group consisting of antimony, arsenic, bismuth, aluminum, gallium, germanium, indium, lead, selenium, tellurium, tin and mixtures thereof.
In a method for hydrodealkylating and hydrodealkylatable hydrocarbon wherein said hydrocarbon is contacted with hydrogen the improvement comprising conducting said hydrodealkylation under low sulfur hydrodealkylation conditions of 100 ppm or less in a reactor system in which at least a portion of said reactor system which is susceptible to carburization has been subjected to treatment with a carburization resistant composition wherein said treatment comprises applying a coating or film of said carburization resistant composition and wherein said composition comprises, in major proportion, a member selected from the group consisting of aluminum, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, brass, germanium, indium, lead, selenium, tellurium, tin or intermetallic compounds and alloys thereof.
In a method for hydrodealkylating a hydrodealkylatable hydrocarbon the improvement comprising:
- (i) conducting said method in a hydrodealkylation reactor system to which a nickel containing stainless steel portion of said reactor system has been provided with a carburization and abrasion resistant protective layer by (a) applying to said stainless steel portion a metal plating, cladding or other coating of a metal effective for forming a carburization resistant protective layer, to a thickness effective to isolate said stainless steel portion from hydrocarbons during operation while avoiding any substantial liquid metal embrittlement, and (b) forming the protective layer, anchored to said stainless the steel portion through an intermediate bonding layer comprising carbide;
- and
- (ii) hydrodealkylating a hydrodealkylatable hydrocarbon feed wherein the sulfur levels in the reactor system do not exceed about 100 ppm;
- and wherein said metal was applied as a plating, cladding or other coating comprising at least in major proportion a metal selected from the group consisting of antimony, arsenic, bismuth, aluminum, gallium, germanium, indium, lead, selenium, tellurium, tin and mixtures thereof.
In a hydrocarbon conversion method selected from the group consisting of nonoxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins and dienes;
- oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins and dienes;
- dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene;
- conversion of light hydrocarbons to aromatics;
- transalkylation of toluene to benzene and xylenes;
- dealkylation of alkylaromatics to aromatics;
- alkylation of aromatics to alkylaromatics;
- production of fuels and chemicals from H2 and CO;
- steam reforming of hydrocarbons to H2 and CO;
- and methanol alkylation of toluene to xylenes the improvement comprising conducting said hydrocarbon conversion with a hydrocarbon stream or H2 and CO stream having a sulfur content lower than about 100 ppm in a reactor system in which a nickel containing stainless steel portion thereof has a carburization and abrasion resistant protective layer obtained by applying to said stainless steel portion a metal plating, cladding or other coating of a metal effective for forming a carburization resistant protective layer to thickness effective to isolate said stainless steel portion through an intermediate carbide-rich bonding layer comprising carbide and wherein said protective layer is formed from a plating, cladding or other coating comprising at least one metal in major proportion selected from the group consisting of antimony, arsenic, bismuth, aluminum, gallium, germanium, indium, lead, selenium, tellurium, tin and mixtures thereof.
In a hydrocarbon conversion method selected from the group consisting of nonoxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins and dienes;
- oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins and dienes;
- dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene;
- conversion of light hydrocarbons to aromatics;
- transalkylation of toluene to benzene and xylenes;
- dealkylation of alkylaromatics to aromatics;
- alkylation of aromatics to alkylaromatics;
- production of fuels and chemicals from H2 and CO;
- steam reforming of hydrocarbons to H2 and CO;
- and methanol alkylation of toluene to xylenes the improvement comprising conducting said hydrocarbon conversion with a hydrocarbon stream or H2 and CO stream having a sulfur content lower than about 100 ppm in a reactor system in which an essentially nickel free steel portion thereof has a carburization and abrasion resistant protective layer obtained by applying to said steel portion a metal plating, cladding or other coating of a metal effective for forming a carburization resistant protective layer to thickness effective to isolate said steel portion from hydrocarbons during operation while avoiding any substantial liquid metal embrittlement and wherein said protective layer comprises intermetallic compounds or alloys of iron and said metal.
In a hydrocarbon conversion process selected from the group consisting of nonoxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins and dienes;
- oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins and dienes;
- dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene;
- conversion of light hydrocarbons to aromatics;
- transalkylation of toluene to benzene and xylenes;
- dealkylation of alkylaromatics to aromatics;
- alkylation of aromatics to alkylaromatics;
- production of fuels and chemicals from H2 and CO;
- steam reforming of hydrocarbons to H2 and CO;
- and methanol alkylation of toluene to xylenes the improvement comprising conducting said hydrocarbon conversion with a hydrocarbon stream having a sulfur content lower than about 100 ppm in a reactor system in which a steel portion thereof has a carburization and abrasion protective layer derived from a metal, in major proportion, selected from the group consisting of tin, arsenic, antimony, aluminum, bismuth, germanium, gallium, indium, selenium, tellurium, lead, brass and intermetallic compounds and alloys thereof attached thereto of a thickness effective to isolate the steel portion from hydrocarbons during operations while avoiding any substantial liquid embrittlement.
In a hydrocarbon conversion method utilizing a cracking furnace the improvement comprising conducting said hydrocarbon conversion with a hydrocarbon stream having a sulfur content lower than about 100 ppm and wherein a nickel containing stainless steel portion of said cracking furnace has a carburization and abrasion resistant protective layer obtained by applying to said stainless steel portion a metal plating, cladding or other coating of a metal effective for forming a carburization resistance protective layer of a thickness effective to isolate the steel portion from hydrocarbons during operation while avoiding any substantial liquid metal embrittlement and wherein said protective layer is anchored to the stainless steel portion through an intermediate carbide-rich bonding layer comprising carbide and wherein said protective layer is formed from a plating, cladding or other coating comprising at least one metal in major proportion selected from the group consisting of antimony, arsenic, bismuth, aluminum, gallium, germanium, indium, lead, selenium, tellurium, tin and mixtures thereof.
In a hydrocarbon conversion process utilizing a cracking furnace the improvement comprising conducting said hydrocarbon conversion with a hydrocarbon stream having a sulfur content lower than about 100 ppm and wherein an essentially nickel free steel portion of said cracking furnace has a carburization and abrasion resistant protective layer obtained by applying to said steel portion a metal plating, cladding or other coating of a metal effective for forming a carburization resistent protective layer of a thickness effective to isolate the steel portion form hydrocarbons during operation while avoiding any substantial liquid metal embrittlement and wherein said protective layer comprises intermetallic compounds of or alloys of iron and said metal.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.