Reinforcement promoters for filled thermoplastic polymers
AssigneeUnion Carbide Corporation
InventorsFred H. Ancker, Arnold C. Ashcraft, Jr., Martin S. Leung, Audrey Y. Ku
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Abstract
A reinforced, filled thermoplastic polymer composition, having increased strength and ductility, contains a reinforcement promoter having at least two reactive olefinic double bonds and a positive promoter index, based on the double bond resonance and polarity, and the promoter adsorptivity.
Claims23
A polymer composition substantially free of a free radical initiator or its residue comprising a thermoplastic polymer, selected from the groups consisting of normally [of] solid hydrocarbon polymers, polyamides and polyvinyl chlorides including the copolymers of the latter with vinyl acetate and an inorganic filler having an average particle size <100 .mu.m wherein the improvement comprises providing about 0.1 to 5 weight % based on the weight of the total composition of a reinforcement promoter having at least two reactive olefinic double bonds, said promoter being characterized by having a promoter index, P, being greater than zero, which is defined by the formula:
- P=n(n--1)Q(e+2)(1--2R.degree..sub.f)--2.5
- wherein n is the number of olefinic double bonds in the promoter, having [values .gtoreq.] a value of at least 2, Q and e are the Alfrey-Price resonance and polarity parameters, respectively, of at least one of the olefinic double bonds in the compound, wherein Q[.gtoreq.2] >0 and e[.gtoreq.2 but <4,] >0 and R.degree..sub.f, having [values.gtoreq.0 to .ltoreq.] a value <
- 0.5, is the relative flow ratio of the promoter measured by thin layer chromatography on a neutral silica gel using xylene as the eluant and di-n-butyl fumarate as the standard.
A reinforced polymer composition substantially free of a free radical initiator or its residue comprising a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of normally solid hydrocarbon polymers, polyamides and polyvinyl chlorides including the copolymers of the latter with vinyl acetate and an inorganic filler having an average particle size <100 .mu.m wherein the improvement comprises providing about 0.1 to 5 weight % based on the weight of the total composition of a reinforcement promoter at the boundary between the filler and polymer, for increasing the strength and ductility of the filled thermoplastic polymer, wherein the promoter has at least two reactive olefinic double bonds, and wherein said promoter is characterized by having a promoter index, P, being greater than zero, and which is defined by the formula:
- P=n(n--1)Q(e+2) (1-2R.sub.f .degree.)--2.5
- wherein n is the number of olefinic bonds in the promoter, having a value of at least 2, Q and e are the Alfrey-Price resonance and polarity parameters, respectively, for at least one of the olefinic double bonds in the promoter, wherein Q>0 and e>0, and R.sub.f .degree. , having a value <0.5, is the relative flow ratio of the promoter measured by thin layer chromatography on a neutral silica gel using xylene as the eluant and di-n-butyl fumarate as the standard.
A process for making a reinforced, filled polymeric composition comprising:
- (a) admixing a filler having an average particle size <100 .mu.m with a reinforcement promoter having at least two reactive olefinic double bonds, wherein said promoter is characterized by having a promoter index, P, being greater than zero, and which is defined by the formula:
- P=n(n-1)Q(e+2)(1-2R.sub.f .degree.)--2.5
- wherein n is the number of olefinic double bonds in the promoter, having a value of at least 2, Q and e are the Alfrey-Price resonance and polarity parameters, respectively, of at least one of the olefinic double bonds in the promotor, wherein Q>0 and e>0, and R.sub.f .degree., having a value <0.5, is the relative flow ratio of the promotor measured by thin layer chromatography on a neutral silica gel using xylene as the eluant and di-n-butyl fumarate as the standard;
- (b) compounding the filler and promoter mixture with a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of normally solid hydrocarbon polymers, polyamides and polyvinyl chlorides including the copolymers of the latter with vinyl acetate for a time sufficient to generate a reinforced, filled thermoplastic polymer having increased strength and ductility;
- (c) wherein said admixing and compounding is carried out in the substantial absence of any free radical initiator.
The use of a reinforcement promoter in a filled thermoplastic polymer , selected from the group consisting of normally solid hydrocarbon polymers, polyamides and polyvinyl chlorides including the copolymers of the latter with vinyl acetate, composition substantially free of a free radical initiator or its residue wherein the improvement comprises providing a reinforcement promoter having at least two reactive olefinic double bonds, said promoter being characterized by having a promoter index, P, being greater than zero, and which is defined by the formula:
- P=n(n-1)Q(e+2)(1-2R.sub.f .degree.)--2.5
- wherein n is the number of olefinic double bonds in the promoter, having a value of at least 2, Q and e are the Alfrey-Price resonance and polarity parameters, respectively, of at least one of the olefinic double bonds in the promoter, wherein Q>0 and e>0, and R.sub.f .degree. , having a value <0.5, is the relative flow ratio of the promoter measured by thin layer chromatography on a neutral silica gel using xylene as the eluant and di-n-butyl fumarate as the standard.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.