Conjugated polymers

A process of preparing a polymer comprising:

• one or more units of formula T (TID units)
• wherein
• * each means a chemical linkage to an adjacent unit or to a terminal group in the polymer,
• X is S, Se, O or NR,
• R denotes H or straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl with 1 to 30 C atoms, in which one or more CH2 groups are optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═O)—O—, —O—C(═O)—, —NR0—, —SiR0R00—, —CF2—, —CHR0═CR00—, —CY1═CY2— or —C≡C— in such a manner that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, or denotes aryl or heteroaryl with 5 to 15 ring atoms, which is mono- or polycyclic and unsubstituted or substituted,
• Y1 and Y2 are independently of each other H, F, Cl or CN,
• R0 and R00 are independently of each other H or optionally substituted C1-40 carbyl or hydrocarbyl,
• optionally one or more distinct donor units having electron donor properties,
• optionally one or more distinct acceptor units having electron acceptor properties, one or more distinct spacer units which are located between each of said TID units, optional donor units and optional acceptor units, thereby preventing said TID units, optional donor units and optional acceptor units from having directly connected to each other in the polymer chain,
• said optional donor units, optional acceptor units and spacer units being different from the TID units, and being arylene or heteroarylene groups that are optionally substituted,
• wherein the polymer formed is a random copolymer formed by co-polymerising at least three different monomers comprising said TID units, spacer units, optional donor units and/or optional acceptor units, said process, comprising:
• coupling three or more monomers of the following formulae with each other and/or with one or more co-monomers in an aryl-aryl coupling reaction
• R7—U—R8 MI
• R7-Sp-R8 MII
• R7-(Sp)x-U-(Sp)y-R8 MIII
• wherein
• U denotes a unit of formula T or T1 wherein T1 is
• a donor unit or an acceptor unit wherein said donor or acceptor unit is arylene or heteroarylene that is different from formula I, has 5 to 30 ring atoms, and is optionally substituted by one or more groups RS,
• wherein
• RS is on each occurrence identically or differently F, Br, Cl, —CN, —NC, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, —C(O)NR0R00, —C(O)X0, —C(O)R0, —C(O)OR0, —NH2, —NR0R00, —SH, —SR, —SO3H, —SO2R0, —OH, —NO2, —CF3, —SF5, optionally substituted silyl, carbyl or hydrocarbyl with 1 to 40 C atoms that is optionally substituted and optionally comprises one or more hetero atoms,
• and at least one of the monomers is of formula MI or MIII wherein U denotes a unit of formula T,
• Sp denotes a spacer unit wherein the spacer units are:
• x and y are independently of each other 0, 1 or 2, and
• R7 and R8 are, independently of each other, an activated C—H bond, Cl, Br, I, O-tosylate, O-triflate, O-mesylate, O-nonaflate, —SiMe2F, —SiMeF2, —O—SO2Z1, —B(OZ2)2, —CZ3═C(Z3)2, —C≡CH, —C≡CSi(Z1)3, —ZnX0 or —Sn(Z4)3, wherein X0 is halogen, Z1-4 are alkyl or aryl, each being optionally substituted, and two groups Z2 may also together form a cyclic group, and
• * each means a chemical linkage to an adjacent unit or to a terminal group in the polymer.