Semi-vanadium redox flow battery using electrolytes of vanadium ions and iodine-vitamin C

A semi-vanadium (V) redox flow battery (semi-VRFB), comprising:

• a positive electrolyte tank stored with a positive electrolyte of V ions;
• an anode circulating pump connected with the positive electrolyte tank;
• a negative electrolyte tank stored with a negative electrolyte of iodine (I)-vitamin C;
• a cathode circulating pump connected with the negative electrolyte tank;
• and
• a planar cell stack consisting of:
• a planar positive electrode made of carbon felt, carbon paper, or graphite felt;
• a planar negative electrode made of carbon (C) sandwiched with palladium (Pd) sandwiched with titanium dioxide(TiO2) so as to form a set of planar layers TiO2/Pd/C/Pd/TiO2 or of C sandwiched with TiO2 sandwiched with Pd so as to form a set of planar layers Pd/TiO2/C/TiO2/Pd;
• a planar insulating film located between said planar positive electrode and said planar negative electrode and adhered to a front end layer of TiO2 or Pd respectively of said planar negative electrode;
• a planar positive electrode plate adhered to said planar positive electrode opposite said planar insulating film;
• and
• a planar negative electrode plate located at a rear end of said planar cell stack and adhered to a rear end layer of TiO2 or Pd respectively of said planar negative electrode, wherein said positive electrolyte and said negative electrolyte flow through said cell stack to charge and discharge through electrochemical reactions with coordination of V ions and I-vitamin C respectively existing in said positive electrolyte and said negative electrolyte.