Electromechanical transducer element, liquid discharge head, liquid discharge device, method for producing electromechanical transducer film, and method for producing liquid discharge head

A liquid discharge head comprising:

• an electromechanical transducer assembly in which a plurality of electromechanical transducer elements is arranged in a predetermined direction,
• wherein each of the plurality of electromechanical transducer elements includes
• a lower electrode;
• an electromechanical transducer film;
• and
• an upper electrode,
• wherein each of the electromechanical transducer films is formed of lead (P) zirconate (Zr) titanate (Ti) (PZT), wherein a composition ratio of Ti in the electromechanical transducer film, defined as Ti/(Zr+Ti), is greater than or equal to 45% and less than or equal to 55%, and
• wherein, in a crystalline orientation of each of the electromechanical transducer films, for ρ(100) that is an orientation ratio of a (100) plane orientation calculated based on a ratio of a peak intensity value of each orientation when a total of the peak intensity values obtained by θ-2θ measurement of an X-ray diffraction method is set to be 1, a gradient Δρ(100) that is calculated from ρ(100) of the plurality of electromechanical transducer elements arranged in the predetermined direction is less than or equal to 5%, wherein the ratio of each peak intensity value of each orientation is represented by ρ(hkl)=I(hkl)/ΣI(hkl), where ρ(hkl) is a ratio of orientation in an (hkl) plane orientation, I(hkl) is the peak intensity value of the orientation, and ΣI(hkl) is the total of the peak intensity values.

A liquid discharge device comprising:

• a liquid discharge head,
• wherein the liquid discharge head includes
• an electromechanical transducer assembly in which a plurality of electromechanical transducer elements is arranged in a predetermined direction,
• wherein each of the plurality of electromechanical transducer elements includes
• a lower electrode;
• an electromechanical transducer film;
• and
• an upper electrode,
• wherein each of the electromechanical transducer films is formed of lead (P) zirconate (Zr) titanate (Ti) (PZT), wherein a composition ratio of Ti in the electromechanical transducer film, defined as Ti/(Zr+Ti), is greater than or equal to 45% and less than or equal to 55%, and
• wherein, in a crystalline orientation of each of the electromechanical transducer films, for ρ(100) that is an orientation ratio of a (100) plane orientation calculated based on a ratio of a peak intensity value of each orientation when a total of the peak intensity values obtained by θ-2θ measurement of an X-ray diffraction method is set to be 1, a gradient Δρ(100) that is calculated from ρ(100) of the plurality of electromechanical transducer elements arranged in the predetermined direction is less than or equal to 5%, wherein the ratio of each peak intensity value of each orientation is represented by ρ(hkl)=I(hkl)/ΣI(hkl), where ρ(hkl) is a ratio of orientation in an (hkl) plane orientation, I(hkl) is the peak intensity value of the orientation, and ΣI(hkl) is the total of the peak intensity values.