Therapeutic thiophene-, furan-, and pyridine-fused azolopyrimidin-5-(6h)-ones

A method of treating an injury or disease that results in neuronal degeneration selected from the group consisting of closed head injuries, blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, glaucoma, cerebral ischemia, and neuronal damage caused by surgical procedures, said method comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula II:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• X and Y are independently nitrogen or carbon, but at least one is nitrogen;
• M=0-4;
• each occurrence of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, —(C1-C6 alkyl)aryl, —(C1-C6 alkyl)heteroaryl, —CN, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 thioalkyl, C1-C6 thiohaloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, —OH, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, —NO2, —SO2C1-C6 alkyl, —SOC1-C6 alkyl, —SO2NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —SO2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —CONH(C1-C6 alkyl), —CON(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —C(O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), —C(O)O(C1-C6 alkyl)aryl, —OC(O)(C1-C6 alkyl), —OC(O)(C1-C6 alkyl)aryl, —SO2NH2, —CONH2, —CO2H, —COH, —NH2, C1-C6 alkylamino, di-C1-C6 alkylamino, —N3, cyanate, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, —(C2-C6 alkenyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), —(C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), —(C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), aryloxy, arylthio, —CO(C1-C6 alkyl), —CO(aryl), —CO(heteroaryl), and —CO(heterocycle);
• or R1 and R2 are on adjacent carbons and taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a 5-6 member saturated or unsaturated monocylic ring system comprising one or more oxygen or nitrogen atoms, wherein the ring system is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy;
• R3 and R4 are independently selected from H, halo, —CN, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, OH, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, —(C1-C6 alkyl)aryl, —(C1-C6 alkyl)heteroaryl, heterocycle, —NO2, —SO2C1-C6 alkyl, —SO2N(C1-C6 alky)2, —CONH(C1-C6 alkyl), —CON(C1-C6 alkyl)2;
• —(CR7R8)0-3NR5R6 in which R5 and R6 and the nitrogen to which they are attached may form a ring taken from azetidine, pyrollidine, piperidine, homopiperidine, morpholine, morpholinone, homomorpholine, homomorpholinone, piperazine, piperazinone, homopiperazine and homopiperazinone with the ring optionally substituted with up to three independent occurrences of R1;
• or R3 and R4 taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a 5-6 member monocylic ring system comprising one or more oxygen atoms;
• R5, R6, R7, and R8 are independently selected from H, F, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, OH, C1-C6 alkoxy, —C1-C6 haloalkoxy, —SO2C1-C6 alkyl, —SO2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —CO2(C1-C6 alkyl), —CO2CH2C6H5, —CONH(C1-C6 alkyl), and —CON(C1-C6 alkyl)2;
• or any two of R5, R6, R7, and R8 taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 member monocyclic ring containing up to two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

A method of promoting neurogenesis, comprising administering to an animal an effective amount of a compound of Formula II:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• X and Y are independently nitrogen or carbon, but at least one is nitrogen;
• M=0-4;
• each occurrence of R1 and R2 is independently selected from H, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, —(C1-C6 alkyl)aryl, —(C1-C6 alkyl)heteroaryl, —CN, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 thioalkyl, C1-C6 thiohaloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, —OH, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, —NO2, —SO2C1-C6 alkyl, —SOC1-6 alkyl, —SO2NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —SO2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —CONH(C1-C6 alkyl), —CON(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —C(O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), —C(O)O(C1-C6 alkyl)aryl, —OC(O)(C1-C6 alkyl), —OC(O)(C1-C6 alkyl)aryl, —SO2NH2, —CONH2, —CO2H, —COH, —NH2, C1-C6 alkylamino, di-C1-C6 alkylamino, —N3, cyanate, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, —(C2-C6 alkenyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), —(C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), —(C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), aryloxy, arylthio, —CO(C1-C6 alkyl), —CO(aryl), —CO(heteroaryl), and —CO(heterocycle);
• or R1 and R2 are on adjacent carbons and taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a 5-6 member saturated or unsaturated monocylic ring system comprising one or more oxygen or nitrogen atoms, wherein the ring system is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy;
• R3 and R4 are independently selected from H, halo, —CN, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, OH, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, —(C1-C6 alkyl)aryl, —(C1-C6 alkyl)heteroaryl, heterocycle, —NO2, —SO2C1-C6 alkyl, —SO2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —CONH(C1-C6 alkyl), —CON(C1-C6 alkyl)2;
• —(CR7R8)0-3NR5R6 in which R5 and R6 and the nitrogen to which they are attached may form a ring taken from azetidine, pyrollidine, piperidine, homopiperidine, morpholine, morpholinone, homomorpholine, homomorpholinone, piperazine, piperazinone, homopiperazine and homopiperazinone with the ring optionally substituted with up to three independent occurrences of R1;
• or R3 and R4 taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a 5-6 member monocylic ring system comprising one or more oxygen atoms;
• R5, R6, R7, and R8 are independently selected from H, F, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, OH, C1-C6 alkoxy, —C1-C6 haloalkoxy, —SO2C1-C6 alkyl, —SO2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —CO2(C1-C6 alkyl), —CO2CH2C6H5, —CONH(C1-C6 alkyl), and —CON(C1-C6 alkyl)2;
• or any two of R5, R6, R7, and R8 taken together with the atoms to which they are attached form a 3-7 member monocyclic ring containing up to two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.