Compositions, apparatus, systems, and methods for resolving electronic excited states

A conjugated fused polycyclic molecule having a structure according to Formula II:

• wherein
• A1is independently carbonyl, C═C(R13)R14, O, S, S═O, S(O)═O, C═S,
• R13is independently nitrile, C(O)R16, C(O)N(R17)R18, C(O)—S—R19, aryl, substituted or fused aryl,
• R14is independently nitrile, C(O)R21, C(O)N(R22)R23, C(O)-S-R24, aryl, substituted or fused aryl,
• R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23, and R24are each independently aryl, substituted aryl, fused aryl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or branched alkyl,
• A2is independently carbonyl, C═C(R13)R14, O, S, S═O, S(O)═O, C═S,
• D3is independently H, hydroxyl, or R25,
• D4is independently H, hydroxyl, or R26, and
• R25and R26are each independently alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkoxyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or fused aryl,
• provided that
• at least one of A1and A2is C═C(R13)R14,
• if neither A1nor A2is S, for each C═C(R13)R14, no more than one of R13and R14is nitrile,
• if A1=O and A2=C═C(R13)R14, then D3≠D4,
• if A1=O A2=C═C(R13)R14, and R13═C(O)OR15, then R14 ≠C(O)OR20;
• if A1=O A2=C═C(R13)R14, and R13═C(O)R16, then R14 ≠C(O)R21;
• if A1=S A2=C═C(R13)R14, and R13═C(O)R16then R14≠C(O)R21and
• if either A1or A2is S, for each C═C(R13)R14,no more than one of R13and R14is nitrile,
• wherein the conjugated fused polycyclic molecule is configured (a) to resolve at least one excited state of a photoactive molecule substantially without observable photochemical reaction, (b) to resolve at least one excited state of a photoactive molecule substantially non-radiatively, or (c) to resolve at least one excited state of a photoactive molecule substantially without observable photochemical reaction and substantially non-radiatively.

A conjugated fused polycyclic molecule having a structure according to Formula II:

• wherein
• A1is independently carbonyl, C═C(R13)R14O, S, S═O, S(O)═O, C═S,
• R13is independently nitrile, C(O)OR15, C(O)R16, C(O)N(R17)R18, C(O)—S—R19, aryl, substituted or fused aryl,
• R14is independently nitrile, C(O)OR20, C(O)R21, C(O)N(R22)R23, C(O)—S—R24, aryl, substituted or fused aryl,
• R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23, and R24are each independently aryl, substituted aryl, fused aryl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or branched alkyl,
• A2is independently carbonyl, C═C(R13)R14, O, S, S═O, S(O)═O, C═S,
• D3is independently H, hydroxyl, or R25,
• D4is independently H, hydroxyl, or R26, and
• R25and R26are each independently alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkoxyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or fused aryl,
• provided that
• at least one of A1and A2is C═C(R13)R14,
• if neither A1nor A2is S, for each C═C(R13)R14, no more than one of R13and R14is nitrile,
• if either A1or A2is O, for each C═C(R13)R14, no more than one of R13and R14is C(O)OR15/20,
• if R13is C(O)OR15, R15≠ alkyl,
• if R14is C(O)OR20, R20≠ alkyl,
• if A1=O and A2=C═C(R13)R14, then D3≠D4,
• if A1=O, A2=C═C(R13)R14, and R13 ═C(O)OR15, then R14≠C(O)OR20;
• if A1=O, A2=C═C(R13)R14, and R13 ═C(O)R16, then R14≠ C(O)R21;
• if A1=S, A2=C═C(R13)R14, and R13 ═C(O)R16, then R14≠C(O)R21, and
• if either A1or A2is S, for each C═C(R13)R14, no more than one of R13and R14is nitrile,
• wherein the conjugated fused polycyclic molecule is configured (a) to resolve at least one excited state of a photoactive molecule substantially without observable photochemical reaction, (b) to resolve at least one excited state of a photoactive molecule substantially non-radiatively, or (c) to resolve at least one excited state of a photoactive molecule substantially without observable photochemical reaction and substantially non-radiatively.

A conjugated fused polycyclic molecule having a structure according to Formula II:

• wherein
• A1is independently carbonyl, C═C(R13)R14, O, S, S═O, S(O)═O, C═S,
• R13is independently nitrile, C(O)OR15, C(O)R16, C(O)N(R17)R18, C(O)—S—R19, aryl, substituted or fused aryl,
• R14is independently nitrile, C(O)OR20, C(O)R21, C(O)N(R22)R23, C(O)—S—R24, aryl, substituted or fused aryl,
• R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23, and R24are each independently aryl, substituted aryl, fused aryl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or branched alkyl,
• A2is independently carbonyl, C═C(R13)R14, O, S, S═O, S(O)═O, C═S,
• D3is independently H, hydroxyl, or R25,
• D4is independently H, hydroxyl, or R26, and
• R25and R26are each independently alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkoxyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or fused aryl,
• provided that
• at least one of A1and A2is C═C(R13)R14,
• if neither A1nor A2is S, for each C═C(R13)R14, no more than one of R13and R14is nitrile, and
• if either A1or A2is O, for each C═C(RR13)R14, no more than one of R13and R14is C(O)OR15/20,
• if R13is C(O)OR15and R15=alkyl, then R15≠ ethyl,
• if R14is C(O)OR20and R20=alkyl, then R20≠ ethyl,
• if A1=O and A2=C═C(R13)R14, then D3≠ D4,
• if A1=O, A2=C═C(R13)R14, and R13═C(O)OR15, then R14C(O)OR20;
• if A1=O, A2=C═C(R13)14, and R13═C(O)R16, then R14≠C(O)R21;
• if A1=S, A2=C═C(R13)R14,and R13═C(O)R16, then R14≠C(O)R21 , and
• if either A1or A2is S, for each C═C(R13)R14, no more than one of R13and R14is nitrile,
• wherein the conjugated fused polycyclic molecule is configured (a) to resolve at least one excited state of a photoactive molecule substantially without observable photochemical reaction, (b) to resolve at least one excited state of a photoactive molecule substantially non-radiatively, or (c) to resolve at least one excited state of a photoactive molecule substantially without observable photochemical reaction and substantially non-radiatively.