Energy exchange systems having actuators with multi-parametric control

A mechanical energy exchange system, the system comprising:

• a first component and a second component transferring mechanical energy to each other at one or more active points at an interface of the first component and the second component to achieve overall energy balance in the system,
• wherein the first component comprises:
• at each of the one or more active points,
• one or more sensorless actuators coupled to the active point;
• and
• a controller for calculating a control vector for each active point based on multiple parameters including at least two characteristic inter-related parameters per sensorless actuator, and at least one additional parameter that comes from real-time measurement by a sensor that controls a regular sensor-controlled actuator,
• wherein the multiple parameters from each active point are arranged in a matrix whose diagonal cells represent the real-time measurement data, and the matrix is transformed to recalculate control data that adaptively determines an operational mode of the mechanical energy exchange system even when the system's a priori behavior is unknown;
• wherein the second component comprises an active or passive load, and the operational mode is updated by selecting one of a plurality of predetermined multi-parametric calibration curves stored in the energy exchange system that matches the load;
• and
• wherein the calibration curve represents a relationship between the two characteristic interrelated parameters, thereby enabling dynamic measurement of only one parameter to be sufficient to determine the amount of mechanical energy to be exchanged by a sensorless actuator at a particular active point.