# US 9,883,472 B1 · Methods and apparatus for beaconing within a wireless network based on an indication of distance

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- Number: US 9,883,472 B1
- Document ID: US9883472B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 14/693,744
- Filed: 2015-04-22
- Granted: 2018-01-30
- Earliest claimed: 2014-04-30
- Assignees: Marvell International Ltd.
- Applicants: Marvell International Ltd.
- Inventors: Sagar A. Tamhane; Paul A. Lambert; Binh Quoc Tran; Sarang Shrikrishna Wagholikar; Liwen Chu; Hongyuan Zhang; Hui-Ling Lou
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9883472B1

## CPC

- H04W 56/001: {Synchronization between nodes}
- G01S 5/0036: {of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station}
- H04L 67/1044: {Group management mechanisms (management of multicast group membership H04L12/185; reconfiguring of node membership in a computing system to eliminate errors G06F11/1425)}
- H04L 67/1048: {Departure or maintenance mechanisms}
- H04L 67/1072: {Discovery involving ranked list compilation of candidate peers}
- H04W 4/08: User group management
- H04L 67/104: Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
- H04W 40/244: {using a network of reference devices, e.g. beaconing}
- H04W 40/38: adapting due to varying relative distances between nodes
- H04W 84/20: Leader-follower arrangements
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

The present disclosure describes methods and apparatus for beaconing within a wireless network based on an indication of distance. For certain example embodiments, in a wireless network in which a master device is a device configured to transmit a beacon within the wireless network, a first wireless communication device may determine, based on an indication of distance between two wireless communication devices, if the first wireless communication device is to act as a master device. For example, a wireless signal may be received. Based at least partially on the received wireless signal, an indication of distance between two wireless communication devices in a wireless network may be obtained. And based at least partially on the obtained indication of distance between the two wireless communication devices, it may be determined if a first wireless communication device is to act as a master device within the wireless network.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A computer-readable memory device comprising computer-executable instructions that, responsive to execution by a hardware-based processor, implement a cluster merging subsystem configured to:
receive a wireless signal;
based at least partially on the received wireless signal, obtain an indication of distance between a first wireless communication device that is an anchor master of a first cluster and a second wireless communication device that is another anchor master of a second cluster within a Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) wireless network;
compare the indication of distance with a distance threshold;
determine, based at least partially on the comparison, whether to merge the first cluster and the second cluster into a third cluster;
responsive to the determination to merge the first cluster and the second cluster into the third cluster, determine whether the first wireless communication device or the second wireless communication device is to act as an anchor master of the third cluster;
responsive to the determination that the first wireless communication is to act as the anchor master of the third cluster, cause the second wireless communication device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the second cluster; or
responsive to the determination that the second wireless communication is to act as the anchor master of the third cluster, cause the first wireless communication device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the first cluster; and
merge the first cluster and the second cluster into the third cluster with either the first wireless communication device or the second wireless communication device acting as the anchor master of the third cluster.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The computer-readable memory device of claim 1, wherein the determination to merge the first cluster and the second cluster is based on the indication of distance being less than the distance threshold.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The computer-readable memory device of claim 2, wherein:
the cluster merging subsystem is further configured to obtain a maximum hop count from the first wireless communication device to other wireless communication devices that are within the first cluster and the second cluster, and
the determination to merge the first cluster and the second cluster is also based on the maximum hop count being less than a hop count threshold.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The computer-readable memory device of claim 1, wherein:
the first cluster includes a third wireless communication device that is a one-hop neighbor of the first wireless communication device; and
the determination of whether the first wireless communication device or the second wireless communication device is to act as the anchor master of the third cluster is based on:
an additional indication of distance between the first wireless communication device and the third wireless communication device, and
another additional indication of distance between the second wireless communication device and the third wireless communication device.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The computer-readable memory device of claim 4, wherein the determination that the first wireless communication device is to act as the anchor master of the third cluster is responsive to the additional indication of distance being less than the other additional indication of distance.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The computer-readable memory device of claim 4, wherein the determination that the second wireless communication device is to act as the anchor master of the third cluster is responsive the additional indication of distance being greater than the other additional indication of distance.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The computer-readable memory device of claim 1, wherein the anchor master of the third cluster is responsible for establishing a synchronization time for the third cluster.

### Claim 8

A method comprising:
receiving a wireless signal;
based at least partially on the received wireless signal, obtaining an indication of distance between two anchor master devices within a Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) wireless network, the two anchor master devices including a first anchor master device of a first cluster and a second anchor master device of a second cluster;
comparing the indication of distance with a distance threshold;
determining, based at least partially on the comparison, whether to form a third cluster that includes the first cluster and the second cluster;
choosing, responsive to the determination to form the third cluster, which one anchor master device of the two anchor master devices is to act as an anchor master of the third cluster;
responsive to choosing the first anchor master device, causing the second anchor master device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the second cluster; or
responsive to choosing the second anchor master device, causing the first anchor master device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the first cluster; and
forming the third cluster with the chosen one anchor master device acting as the anchor master of the third cluster.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein:
the first cluster includes a one-hop neighbor device of the first anchor master device; and
the choosing comprises comparing an additional indication of distance between the first anchor master device and the one-hop neighbor device with another additional indication of distance between the second anchor master device and the one-hop neighbor device.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein choosing the second anchor master device is responsive to the additional indication of distance being greater than the other additional indication of distance.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein:
choosing the first anchor master device is responsive to the additional indication of distance being less than the other additional indication of distance; and
the causing of the second anchor master device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the second cluster comprises causing the first anchor master device to send a request to the second anchor master device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the second cluster.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, further comprising:
obtaining a maximum hop count from the first anchor master device to other devices within the first cluster and the second cluster; and
comparing the maximum hop count to a hop count threshold, and
wherein the determination of whether to form the third cluster is also based on the comparison of the maximum hop count to the hop count threshold.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein:
the determination to form the third cluster is based on:
the indication of distance being less than or equal to the distance threshold; and
the maximum hop count from the first anchor master device being less than or equal to the hop count threshold.

### Claim 14

A first wireless communication device configured to act as an anchor master of a first cluster that is within a Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) wireless network, the first wireless communication device comprising:
a transceiver configured to receive a wireless signal; and
a controller configured to
(i) based at least partially on the wireless signal received by the transceiver, obtain an indication of distance between the first wireless communication device and a second wireless communication device, the second wireless communication device being another anchor master of a second cluster within the NAN wireless network,
(ii) compare the indication of distance with a distance threshold,
(iii) determine, based at least partially on the comparison, whether to merge the first cluster and the second cluster into a third cluster,
(iv) choose, responsive to the determination to merge the first cluster and the second cluster, whether the first wireless communication device or the second wireless communication device is to act as an anchor master of the third cluster,
responsive to choosing the first wireless communication device, causing the second wireless communication device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the second cluster, or
responsive to choosing the second wireless communication device, causing the first wireless communication device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the first cluster, and
(v) cause the third cluster to be formed with either the first wireless communication device or the second wireless communication device acting as the anchor master of the third cluster.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The first wireless communication device of claim 14, wherein the wireless signal comprises a NAN management frame in accordance with a wireless location service (WLS).

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The first wireless communication device of claim 14, wherein the determination to merge the first cluster and the second cluster is based on the indication of distance being less than the distance threshold.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The first wireless communication device of claim 14, wherein:
the first cluster includes a one-hop neighbor device of the first wireless communication device; and
the choosing is based on a comparison of an additional indication of distance between the first wireless communication device and the one-hop neighbor device with another additional indication of distance between the second wireless communication device and the one-hop neighbor device.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The first wireless communication device of claim 17, wherein the first wireless communication device and the one-hop neighbor device are temporally-synchronized, and
the controller is further configured to obtain the additional indication of distance based at least partially on a time of flight of an additional wireless signal that is received by the transceiver.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The first wireless communication device of claim 17, wherein:
the choosing of the first wireless communication device to act as the anchor master of the third cluster is responsive to the additional indication of distance being less than the other additional indication of distance; and
the causing of the second wireless communication device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the second cluster comprises sending a request to the second wireless communication device that causes the second wireless communication device to relinquish acting as the anchor master of the second cluster.

### Claim 20 (depends on 17)

The first wireless communication device of claim 17, wherein the choosing of the second wireless communication device to act as the anchor master of the third cluster is responsive to the additional indication of distance being greater than the other additional indication of distance.