# US 9,882,661 B1 · Closed loop calibration by frequency separation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,882,661 B1 - Document ID: US9882661B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 15/388,289 - Filed: 2016-12-22 - Granted: 2018-01-30 - Earliest claimed: 2016-12-22 - Assignees: Intel IP Corporation - Applicants: Intel IP Corporation - Inventors: Shahar Gross - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9882661B1 ## CPC - H04B 17/14: of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back - H04B 17/0085: {using test signal generators} - H04B 17/22: {for calibration of the receiver components} - H04L 27/0014: {Carrier regulation (of chaotic carriers H04L27/001; for multicarrier receivers H04L27/2657)} - H04L 27/3863: {Compensation for quadrature error in the received signal} - H04L 2027/0016: {Stabilisation of local oscillators} - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Methods and systems for calibrating a transceiver using frequency separation are disclosed. A method configured to calibrate a transceiver that includes connecting an output of a transmitter to an input of a receiver. A receiver local oscillator signal having a receiver local oscillator frequency (fRXLO) is provided to a receiver mixer. A transmitter local oscillator signal having a transmitter local oscillator frequency (fTXLO) to is provided to a transmitter mixer. The receiver local oscillator frequency is separated from the transmitter local oscillator frequency by a nonzero intermediate frequency (fIF). The method includes upconverting a test signal having a baseband frequency (fBB) using the transmitter mixer and downconverting the output signal of the transmitter mixer with the receiver mixer to generate a calibration signal. The transceiver is calibrated based on the calibration signal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method configured to calibrate a transceiver that comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the method comprising: connecting an output of the transmitter to an input of the receiver; providing a receiver local oscillator signal having a receiver local oscillator frequency (fRXLO) to a receiver mixer; providing a transmitter local oscillator signal having a transmitter local oscillator frequency (fTXLO) to a transmitter mixer; wherein the receiver local oscillator frequency is separated from the transmitter local oscillator frequency by a nonzero intermediate frequency (fIF); upconverting a test signal having a baseband frequency (fBB) using the transmitter mixer; downconverting the output signal of the transmitter mixer using the receiver mixer to generate a calibration signal; and calibrating the transceiver based on the calibration signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating the transceiver comprises: determining correction values for a pre-distortion network that adjusts the phase or gain of a baseband signal in the transmitter to compensate for errors introduced into a transmit signal by electronic components in the transmitter; and adjusting electronic components in the pre-distortion network based on the correction values. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the calibration signal comprises both an I component and a Q component of the downconverted output signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating the transceiver comprises: identifying a receiver image signal component (RX IQ) in the calibration signal at a frequency of (−fIF−fBB); identifying a transmitter image signal component (TX IQ) in the calibration signal at a frequency of (fIF−fBB); identifying a wanted signal component (RX WANTED) in the calibration signal at a frequency of (fIF+fBB); and determining correction values for a pre-distortion network and a post-distortion network based at least on the RX IQ signal component, the TX IQ signal component, and the RX WANTED signal component. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, comprising solving simultaneous equations that express transmitter correction values and receiver correction values in terms of the TX IQ signal component, RX IQ signal component, RX WANTED signal component, and the test signal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, comprising: determining IQ rejection of the transmitter based at least on the TX IQ signal and RX WANTED signal component; determining IQ rejection of the receiver based at least on the RX IQ signal and RX WANTED signal component; and calibrating the transceiver based at least on the IQ rejection of the transmitter and the IQ rejection of the receiver. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the calibration signal comprises an I component of the downconverted output signal. ### Claim 8 A calibration system, configured to calibrate a transceiver having a transmitter and a receiver, comprising: a transmitter mixer; a transmitter local oscillator operatively connected to the transmitter mixer; a receiver mixer; a receiver local oscillator operatively connected to the receiver mixer; and calibration circuitry operatively connected to the transmitter local oscillator and the receiver local oscillator, the calibration circuitry configured to: control one or more transceiver components to connect an output of the transmitter to an input of the receiver; control the transmitter local oscillator to provide a transmitter local oscillator signal having a transmitter local oscillator frequency (fTXLO) to a transmitter mixer to cause the transmitter mixer to upconvert a test signal having a baseband frequency (fBB) to generate an output signal; control the receiver local oscillator to provide a receiver local oscillator signal having a receiver local oscillator frequency (fRXLO) to the receiver mixer to cause the receiver mixer to downconvert the output signal of the transmitter mixer to generate a calibration signal; wherein the receiver local oscillator frequency is separated from the transmitter local oscillator frequency by a nonzero intermediate frequency (fIF); and calibrate the transceiver based at least on the calibration signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The calibration system of claim 8, wherein the calibration circuitry is further configured to calibrate the transceiver by: determining correction values for a pre-distortion network that adjusts the phase or gain of a baseband signal in the transmitter to compensate for errors introduced into a transmit signal by electronic components in the transmitter; and adjusting electronic components in the pre-distortion network based on the correction values. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The calibration system of claim 8, wherein the calibration signal comprises both an I component and a Q component of the downconverted output signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The calibration system of claim 8, wherein the calibration circuitry is further configured to calibrate the transceiver by: identifying a receiver image signal component (RX IQ) in the calibration signal at a frequency of (−fIF−fBB); identifying a transmitter image signal component (TX IQ) in the calibration signal at a frequency of (fIF−fBB); identifying a wanted signal component (RX WANTED) in the calibration signal at a frequency of (fIF+fBB); and determining correction values for a pre-distortion network and a post-distortion network based at least on the RX IQ signal component, the TX IQ signal component, and the RX WANTED signal component. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The calibration system of claim 11, wherein the calibration circuitry is further configured to solve simultaneous equations that express transmitter correction values and receiver correction values in terms of the TX IQ signal component, RX IQ signal component, RX WANTED signal component, and the test signal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The calibration system of claim 11, wherein the calibration circuitry is further configured to: determine IQ rejection of the transmitter based at least on the TX IQ signal and RX WANTED signal component; determine IQ rejection of the receiver based at least on the RX IQ signal and RX WANTED signal component; and calibrate the transceiver based at least on the IQ rejection of the transmitter and the IQ rejection of the transceiver. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The calibration system of claim 8, wherein the calibration signal comprises an I component of the downconverted output signal. ### Claim 15 A transceiver, comprising: a transmitter having an output; a receiver having an input; and calibration circuitry, coupled to the transmitter and the receiver, configured to control one or more transceiver components to connect the output of the transmitter to the input of the receiver; a receiver local oscillator coupled to and controlled by the calibration circuitry to provide a receiver local oscillator signal having a receiver local oscillator frequency (fRXLO) to a receiver mixer; a transmitter local oscillator coupled to and controlled by the calibration circuitry to provide a transmitter local oscillator signal having a transmitter local oscillator frequency (fTXLO) to a transmitter mixer; wherein the receiver local oscillator frequency is separated from the transmitter local oscillator frequency by a nonzero intermediate frequency (fIF); wherein the calibration circuitry is configured to: control the transmitter mixer to upconvert a test signal having a baseband frequency (fBB), control the receiver mixer to downconvert the output signal of the transmitter mixer to generate a calibration signal, and calibrate the transceiver based at least on the calibration signal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The transceiver of claim 15, wherein the calibration circuitry is further configured to calibrate the transceiver by: determining correction values for a pre-distortion network that adjusts the phase or gain of a baseband signal in the transmitter to compensate for errors introduced into a transmit signal by electronic components in the transmitter; and adjusting electronic components in the pre-distortion network based on the correction values. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The transceiver of claim 15, wherein the calibration signal comprises both an I component and a Q component of the downconverted output signal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The transceiver of claim 15, wherein the calibration circuitry is further configured to calibrate the transceiver by: identifying a receiver image signal component (RX IQ) in the calibration signal at a frequency of (−fIF−fBB); identifying a transmitter image signal component (TX IQ) in the calibration signal at a frequency of (fIF−fBB); identifying a wanted signal component (RX WANTED) in the calibration signal at a frequency of (fIF+fBB); and determining correction values for a pre-distortion network and a post-distortion network based at least on the RX IQ signal component, the TX IQ signal component, and the RX WANTED signal component. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The transceiver of claim 18, wherein the calibration circuitry is further configured to solve simultaneous equations that express transmitter correction values and receiver correction values in terms of the TX IQ signal component, RX IQ signal component, RX WANTED signal component, and the test signal. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The transceiver of claim 18, wherein the calibration circuitry is further configured to: determine IQ rejection of the transmitter based at least on the TX IQ signal and RX WANTED signal component; determine IQ rejection of the receiver based at least on the RX IQ signal and RX WANTED signal component; and calibrate the transceiver based at least on the IQ rejection of the transmitter and the IQ rejection of the transceiver. ### Claim 21 (depends on 15) The transceiver of claim 15, wherein the calibration signal comprises an I component of the downconverted output signal.