# US 9,882,482 B1 · Current sense circuit with adaptive common mode voltage adjust and associated method thereof > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,882,482 B1 - Document ID: US9882482B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 15/267,123 - Filed: 2016-09-15 - Granted: 2018-01-30 - Earliest claimed: 2016-09-15 - Assignees: Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. - Applicants: Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. - Inventors: Ivor Hendry - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9882482B1 ## CPC - H02M 3/158: including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load - G01R 19/10: Measuring sum, difference or ratio - G01R 19/16576: {comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold (G01R19/16514, G01R19/16519, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 and G01R19/1659 take precedence)} - H02M 1/08: Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters - H02M 3/156: with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators - H02M 3/1588: {comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element (H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence)} - H02M 1/0009: {Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter} - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) ## Abstract A current sense circuit for sensing a target current flowing through a sensing resistor, has a first operational amplifier, a first transistor and a common mode adjust circuit. The first operational amplifier has a first input terminal coupled to a positive terminal of the sensing resistor, a second input terminal coupled to a negative terminal of the sensing resistor, and an output terminal. The first transistor has a first terminal coupled to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier, a second terminal configured to provide a first output voltage in responsive to the target current, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier. The common mode adjust circuit adaptively adjusts a common mode voltage of the first operational amplifier. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A current sense circuit for sensing a target current flowing through a sensing resistor, wherein the sensing resistor having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, the current sense circuit comprising: a first operational amplifier, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal is coupled to the positive terminal of the sensing resistor, and the second input terminal is coupled to the negative terminal of the sensing resistor, and wherein the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier has a common mode voltage with respect to a reference ground; a first transistor, having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, the first terminal is coupled to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground through a first resistor, wherein the first transistor is configured to provide a first output voltage across the first resistor in response to the target current; and a common mode adjust circuit, having an input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier and the control terminal of the first transistor, the first output terminal is coupled to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the second output terminal is coupled to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier, wherein the common mode adjust circuit is configured to adaptively adjust the common mode voltage. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The current sense circuit of claim 1, wherein the common mode adjust circuit further comprises: a second transistor, having a control terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier and the control terminal of the first transistor, the first terminal is coupled to a power supply, and the second terminal is coupled to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier; and a third transistor, having a control terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier and the control terminal of the first transistor, the first terminal is coupled to the power supply, and the second terminal is coupled to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The current sense circuit of claim 1, wherein when a voltage at the negative terminal of the sensing resistor is lower than a minimum common mode voltage, the common mode adjust circuit begins to adjust the common mode voltage by providing a first adjusting current at the first output terminal of the common mode adjust circuit, and providing a second adjusting current at the second output terminal of the common mode adjust circuit. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The current sense circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a second operational amplifier, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the first transistor; a fourth transistor, having a control terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier, and the second terminal is coupled to the second input terminal of the second operational amplifier; and a second resistor, coupled between the second terminal of the fourth transistor and the reference ground. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The current sense circuit of claim 3, wherein both of the first adjusting current and the second adjusting current increase with decreasing of the voltage at the negative terminal of the sensing resistor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The current sense circuit of claim 3, wherein the minimum common mode voltage is responsive to a voltage across the first resistor when the first transistor is normally regulated. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The current sense circuit of claim 4, further comprising: a current mirror, having an input terminal coupled to the first terminal of the fourth transistor, and an output terminal configured to provide a mirrored current, wherein the mirrored current is mirrored from a current flowing through the first terminal and the second terminal of the fourth transistor; and an output resistor, coupled between the output terminal of the current mirror and the reference ground; and wherein the current sense circuit is configured to provide a second output voltage across the output resistor in response to the target current. ### Claim 8 A switching circuit having an input port and an output port, wherein the output port is configured to provide a switcher output voltage, the switching circuit comprising: a switch, coupled between the input port and the output port, and the switch is configured to be turned ON and turned OFF to regulate the switcher output voltage; a sensing resistor, having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, wherein the positive terminal is coupled to the switch, and the negative terminal is coupled to the output port, a target current flows through the sensing resistor from the positive terminal to the negative terminal; and a current sense circuit, having a first input port, a second input port and an output port, wherein the first input port is coupled to the positive terminal of the sensing resistor, the second input port is coupled to the negative terminal of the sensing resistor, and the current sense circuit is configured to amplify a differential voltage across the sensing resistor and provide an output voltage at the output port of the current sense circuit in response to the target current, wherein the first input port and the second input port of the current sense circuit has a common mode voltage with respect to a reference ground, and wherein the current sense circuit is configured to adaptively adjust the common mode voltage based on the switcher output voltage; wherein when the switcher output voltage is lower than a minimum common mode voltage, the current sense circuit is configured to lift the common mode voltage by generating a first adjusting current to the first input port of the current sense circuit and generating a second adjusting current to the second input port of the current sense circuit. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The switching circuit of claim 8, wherein the current sense circuit further comprises: a first operational amplifier, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal is coupled to the positive terminal of the sensing resistor, and the second input terminal is coupled to the negative terminal of the sensing resistor; a first transistor, having a control terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, the first terminal is coupled to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the second terminal is coupled to the reference ground; and a common mode adjust circuit, having an input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, wherein the input terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier and the control terminal of the first transistor, the first output terminal is coupled to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the second output terminal is coupled to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The switching circuit of claim 8, further comprising: a second operational amplifier, having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal is coupled to the second terminal of the first transistor; and a fourth transistor, having a control terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier, the second terminal is coupled to the second input terminal of the second operational amplifier. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The switching circuit of claim 9, wherein the common mode adjust circuit further comprises: a second transistor, having a control terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, the first terminal is coupled to a power supply, and the second terminal is coupled to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier; and a third transistor, having a control terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, the first terminal is coupled to the power supply, and the second terminal is coupled to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The switching circuit of claim 10, further comprising: a current mirror, having an input terminal coupled to the first terminal of the fourth transistor, and an output terminal configured to provide a mirrored current, wherein the mirrored current is mirrored from a current flowing through the first terminal and the second terminal of the fourth transistor; and an output resistor, coupled between the output terminal of the current mirror and the reference ground; and wherein the current sense circuit is configured to provide the output voltage across the output resistor in response to the target current. ### Claim 13 A method for sensing a target current flowing through a sensing resistor, wherein the sensing resistor has a positive terminal and a negative terminal, the method comprising: sensing a differential voltage across the sensing resistor by a first operational amplifier, the first operational amplifier having a first input terminal coupled to the positive terminal of the sensing resistor, a second input terminal coupled to the negative terminal of the sensing resistor, and an output terminal, wherein the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier has a common mode voltage with respect to a reference ground; coupling a first transistor to the first operational amplifier, the first transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the first terminal is coupled to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier; providing an output voltage at the second terminal of the first transistor in response to the target current; and adaptively adjusting the common mode voltage when a voltage at the negative terminal of the sensing resistor is lower than a minimum common mode voltage, wherein the minimum common mode voltage varies with the differential voltage across the sensing resistor. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein adaptively adjusting the common mode voltage further comprises lifting the common mode voltage until the first transistor can be normally regulated. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the minimum common mode voltage is responsive to an expected value of the output voltage. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, further comprising: providing a first adjusting current to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier through a second transistor, the second transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to a power supply, the second terminal is coupled to the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier; and providing a second adjusting current to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier through a third transistor, the third transistor having a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the power supply, the second terminal is coupled to the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the control terminal is coupled to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein both of the first adjusting current and the second adjusting current increase with decreasing of the voltage at the negative terminal of the sensing resistor. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein when the voltage at the negative terminal of the sensing resistor is higher than the minimum common mode voltage, both of the first adjusting current and the second adjusting current are zero.