# US 9,882,418 B2 · Switching mode charger for charging system

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- Number: US 9,882,418 B2
- Document ID: US9882418B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/443,654
- Filed: 2014-04-22
- Published: 2015-10-01
- Granted: 2018-01-30
- Earliest claimed: 2013-04-22
- Assignees: Mediatek Inc.
- Applicants: Mediatek Inc.
- Inventors: Chih-Yuan Hsu
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9882418B2

## CPC

- H02J 7/933: {the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters}
- B60L 53/11: {DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4}
- B60L 53/14: Conductive energy transfer
- B60L 53/16: Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
- H02J 7/00: Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02M 3/1582: {Buck-boost converters (H02M3/1584 takes precedence)}
- B60L 2210/12: Buck converters
- B60L 2210/14: Boost converters
- B60L 2210/30: AC to DC converters
- B60L 2240/547: Voltage
- B60L 2240/549: Current
- H02J 2207/20: Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
- Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- Y02T 10/7072: Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
- Y02T 10/72: Electric energy management in electromobility
- Y02T 90/12: Electric charging stations
- Y02T 90/14: Plug-in electric vehicles
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

A switching mode charger capable of performing mode switching to adjust and output charging current for a battery or driving current for an external circuit element includes an input terminal, an output terminal, a Buck-Boost converter, and a controller. The Buck-Boost converter generates a voltage at the input terminal according to a voltage at the output terminal or generates a voltage at the output terminal according to a voltage at the input terminal. The controller dynamically selects an operation mode from a plurality of operation modes as an operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter according to at least one of the voltage change and the current change that are associated with the Buck-Boost converter, wherein the Buck-Boost converter dynamically performs mode switching according to the operation mode selected by the controller so as to adjust and output the charging current or the driving current.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A switching mode charger capable of performing mode switching to adjust and output a charging current for a battery or a driving current for an external circuit element in response to voltage change or current change, comprising:
an input terminal;
an output terminal;
a Buck-Boost converter, for generating a voltage at the input terminal according to a voltage at the output terminal or generating a voltage at the output terminal according to a voltage at the input terminal; and
a controller, coupled to the Buck-Boost converter, the input terminal, and the output terminal, for dynamically selecting an operation mode from a plurality of operation modes as an operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter according to at least one of the voltage change and the current change that are associated with the Buck-Boost converter, wherein the Buck-Boost converter is arranged to dynamically performing mode switching according to the operation mode selected by the controller, so as to adjust and output the charging current or the driving current;
wherein the controller is arranged to, in response to a detected current of the Buck-Boost converter approaching a target current:
select a Buck-Boost mode from the plurality of operation modes as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter, and control the Buck-Boost converter to operate in the Buck-Boost mode, at least in part by:
calculating an average output current of the Buck-Boost converter, and
generating PWM signals to control four switching transistors of an H-Bridge structure of the Buck-Boost converter based on the average output current.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The switching mode charger of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a current sensing circuit configured to detect the detected current and the controller is further configured to dynamically select the operation mode based on the detected current.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The switching mode charger of claim 2, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a Boost mode, and the Buck-Boost converter is arranged to provide a first voltage level as an output voltage when operating under the Buck mode; and, when the detected current is smaller than the target current, the controller is arranged to select the Boost mode from the plurality of operations modes as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter so as to control the switching mode charger to switch from the Buck mode to enter the Boost mode and cause the switching mode charger to provide a second voltage level as the output voltage and adjust/output the charging current that is substantially equal to the target current, the second voltage level being higher than the first voltage level.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The switching mode charger of claim 2, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a Boost mode; and, when the detected current is near to the target current, the controller is arranged to dynamically select one of the Buck mode and the Boost mode as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter to control the buck-Boost converter to switch between the Buck mode and the boost mode, so that the switching mode charger is capable of finely adjusting an output voltage which is provided by the switching mode charger at the output terminal.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The switching mode charger of claim 2, wherein the current sensing circuit is arranged to sense a current passing through a switching transistor included within the Buck-Boost converter and/or to sense a current passing through a power path block that is disposed between the output terminal and the Buck-Boost converter, so as to detect the current passing through the Buck-Boost converter.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The switching mode charger of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a voltage sensing circuit and a controlling circuit; the voltage sensing circuit is used for detecting a voltage at an input of the Buck-Boost converter and at least one of a battery voltage and a system voltage; and the controlling circuit is coupled to the voltage sensing circuit and utilized for selecting one operation mode from the plurality of operation modes as the operation mode of the buck-Boost converter by comparing the detected voltage with the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The switching mode charger of claim 6, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a Boost mode; the controller determines that the Buck-Boost converter operates under the Buck mode when the switching mode charger provides the charging current for the battery and the detected voltage is higher than the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage; and, the controller determines that the Buck-Boost converter operates under the Boost mode when the switching mode charger provides the charging current for the battery and the detected voltage is lower than the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The switching mode charger of claim 6, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a Boost mode; the controller determines that the Buck-Boost converter operates under the Boost mode when the switching mode charger provides the driving current for the external circuit element connected to the input terminal and the detected voltage is higher than the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage; and, the controller determines that the Buck-Boost converter operates under the Buck mode when the switching mode charger provides the driving current for the external circuit element connected to the input terminal and the detected voltage is lower than the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage.

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

The switching mode charger of claim 6, wherein, when the detected voltage is near to the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage, the controller is arranged to select the Buck-Boost mode from the plurality of operation modes as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter, so that the switching mode charger is capable of finely adjusting an output voltage which is provided by the switching mode charger at the output terminal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

The switching mode charger of claim 6, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a Boost mode; and, when the detected voltage is near to the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage, the controller is arranged to dynamically select one of the Buck mode and the Boost mode as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter to control the Buck-Boost converter to switch between the Buck mode and the Boost mode, so that the switching mode charger is capable of finely adjusting an output voltage which is provided by the switching mode charger at the output terminal.

### Claim 11

A method applied into a switching mode charger capable of performing mode switching to adjust and output a charging current for a battery or a driving current for an external circuit element in response to voltage change or current change, comprising:
using a Buck-Boost converter to generate a voltage at an input terminal according to a voltage at an output terminal or generate a voltage at the output terminal according to a voltage at the input terminal;
dynamically selecting an operation mode from a plurality of operation modes as an operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter according to at least one of the voltage change and the current change that are associated with the Buck-Boost converter; and
dynamically performing mode switching according to the operation mode selected, so as to adjust and output the charging current or the driving current;
wherein in response to a detected current of the Buck-Boost converter approaching a target current the method further comprises:
selecting a Buck-Boost mode from the plurality of operation modes as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter,
calculating an average output current of the Buck-Boost converter, and
generating PWM signals to control four switching transistors of an H-Bridge structure of the Buck-Boost converter based on the average output current.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, further comprising:
detecting a current passing through the Buck-Boost converter; and the step of dynamically selecting an operation mode from a plurality of operation modes comprises:
dynamically selecting the operation mode from the plurality of operation modes as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter by comparing the detected current with the target current.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a boost mode, and the method further comprises:
using the Buck-Boost converter to provide a first voltage level as an output voltage when the Buck-Boost converter operates under the Buck mode; and
when the detected current is smaller than the target current, selecting the Boost mode from the plurality of operations modes as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter so as to control the switching mode charger to switch from the Buck mode to enter the Boost mode and cause the switching mode charger to provide a second voltage level as the output voltage and adjust/output the charging current that is substantially equal to the target current, the second voltage level being higher than the first voltage level.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a Boost mode, and the method further comprises:
when the detected current is near to the target current, dynamically selecting one of the Buck mode and the Boost mode as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter to control the Buck-Boost converter to switch between the Buck mode and the Boost mode, so that the switching mode charger is capable of finely adjusting an output voltage which is provided by the switching mode charger at the output terminal.

### Claim 15 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein the step of detecting a current passing through the Buck-Boost converter comprises:
sensing a current passing through a switching transistor included within the Buck-Boost converter and/or to sense a current passing through a power path block that is disposed between the output terminal and the Buck-Boost converter, so as to detect the current passing through the Buck-Boost converter.

### Claim 16 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, further comprising:
detecting a voltage at an input of the Buck-Boost converter and at least one of a battery voltage and a system voltage; and
the step of dynamically selecting an operation mode from a plurality of operation modes comprises:
selecting one operation mode from the plurality of operation modes as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter by comparing the detected voltage with the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a boost mode, and the method further comprises:
determining that the Buck-Boost converter operates under the Buck mode when the switching mode charger provides the charging current for the battery and the detected voltage is higher than the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage; and
determining that the Buck-Boost converter operates under the boost mode when the switching mode charger provides the charging current for the battery and the detected voltage is lower than the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a Boost mode, and the method further comprises:
determining that the Buck-Boost converter operates under the Boost mode when the switching mode charger provides the driving current for the external circuit element connected to the input terminal and the detected voltage is higher than the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage; and
determining that the Buck-Boost converter operates under the Buck mode when the switching mode charger provides the driving current for the external circuit element connected to the input terminal and the detected voltage is lower than the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises:
when the detected voltage is near to the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage, selecting the Buck-Boost mode from the plurality of operation modes as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter, so that the switching mode charger is capable of finely adjusting an output voltage which is provided by the switching mode charger at the output terminal.

### Claim 20 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the Buck-Boost converter includes a Buck mode and a Boost mode, and the method further comprises:
when the detected voltage is near to the at least one of the battery voltage and the system voltage, dynamically selecting one of the Buck mode and the Boost mode as the operation mode of the Buck-Boost converter to control the buck-Boost converter to switch between the Buck mode and the Boost mode, so that the switching mode charger is capable of finely adjusting an output voltage which is provided by the switching mode charger at the output terminal.