# US 9,882,384 B2 · Energy distribution system and method for operating same

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- Number: US 9,882,384 B2
- Document ID: US9882384B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/764,646
- Filed: 2013-01-30
- Published: 2015-12-31
- Granted: 2018-01-30
- Earliest claimed: 2013-01-30
- Assignees: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
- Applicants: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
- Inventors: Izudin Dzafic
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9882384B2

## CPC

- H02J 3/06: Controlling the transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling load sharing between connected networks
- G05B 15/02: electric
- H02J 3/00: Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J 13/12: Monitoring network conditions, e.g. electrical magnitudes or operational status
- H02J 13/16: the power network being controlled at grid-level, e.g. using aggregators
- H02J 13/333: the equipment forming part of substations
- H02J 13/14: the power network being locally controlled, e.g. home energy management systems [HEMS]
- H02J 2103/30: Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
- H02J 2105/12: supplying households or buildings
- Y02B 90/20: Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector (smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00)
- Y02E 40/70: Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
- Y02E 60/00: Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y04S 10/16: Electric power substations
- Y04S 10/50: Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S 20/00: Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S 40/20: Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS

## Abstract

In an energy distribution system, energy is fed through substations into subnetworks and the distribution is monitored by a central device superordinate to the substations. At least one substation is operated in an optimization mode for optimizing the operation of the entire energy distribution grid. The substation thereby investigates a modification action which could be performed by the substation in its subnetwork for the effect of the modification action on the operating state of the entire energy distribution system. The substation receives substation-individual sensitivity values, which indicate the change in the local operating state in the subnetwork assigned to the respective other substation if the modification action were to be implemented. The substation operated in the optimization mode checks, based on the sensitivity values, whether the modification action would result in an improvement of the operating state for the entire energy distribution grid.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for operating an energy distribution system in which energy is fed through substations into subsystems and a distribution of the energy is monitored by way of a central device that is superordinate to the substations, the method comprising:
operating at least one of the substations in an optimization mode wherein the at least one substation optimizes an operation of the entire energy distribution system by examining a modification action, which the at least one substation could perform in a subsystem associated therewith, for an effect on the operating state of the entire energy distribution system, and thereby:
sending from the at least one substation operated in optimization mode to one or more respective substations affected by the modification action an enquiry signal that defines the modification action;
receiving by the at least one substation operated in optimization mode from the one or more respective substations affected by the modification action a respective substation-individual sensitivity value that indicates a change in a local operating state in the subsystem associated with the respective other substation if the modification action were to be executed in the subsystem of the at least one substation being operated in the optimization mode; and
checking whether the modification action would lead to an improvement in the operating state for the entire energy distribution system based on the received sensitivity values by the at least one substation being operated in the optimization mode;
wherein said checking comprises at least one of:
summing the substation-individual sensitivity values with a sensitivity value of the at least one substation operated in optimization mode, and
forming a total state value that describes the operating state of the entire energy distribution system based on the substation-individual sensitivity values and a sensitivity value of the at least one substation operated in optimization mode.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein said summing further comprises determining an alteration value V, in accordance with:
V
=
∑
i
=
1
n
⁢
k
i
⁢
∂
Fli
∂
C
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
C
where:
n describes the number of substations;
∂Fli/∂C describes a substation-individual sensitivity value, which is based on an extent of the alteration, for an i-th substation;
ΔC describes the extent of the alteration of the modification action; and
ki describes a substation-individual weighting value that indicates an influence of the i-th substation on the total state value.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein said forming further comprises determining a total state value that describes the operating state of the entire energy distribution system, in accordance with:
Fg
=
Fl
+
∑
i
=
1
n
⁢
k
i
⁢
∂
Fli
∂
C
⁢
Δ
⁢
⁢
C
where:
Fg describes the total state value following performance of the modification action;
Fl describes the total state value before performance of the modification action; n describes the number of substations;
∂Fli/∂C describes the substation-individual sensitivity value of an i-th substation; and
ki describes a substation-individual weighting value that indicates the influence of the i-th substation on the total state value.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the substation-individual sensitivity value is a value that indicates one of the following:
a ratio between the energy that is consumed by loads connected to the subsystem of the respective substation and the energy lost in the respective subsystem; or
a range of variation in a voltage in the subsystem associated with the respective substation; or
a range of variation in a frequency of the voltage in the subsystem associated with the respective substation.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, which further comprises:
executing with the at least one substation being operated in optimization mode the modification action if the at least one substation establishes that the modification action leads to an improvement in the operating state for the entire energy distribution system.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, which further comprises: if the at least one substation being operated in optimization mode establishes that the modification action would lead to an improvement in the operating state for the entire energy distribution system, sending from the at least one substation being operated in optimization mode an enquiry to the superordinate central device whether or not the modification action should be executed.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method according to claim 6, which further comprises: following a receipt of the enquiry by the superordinate central device, checking whether the modification action should be executed based on further data in the superordinate central device that are not available to the substation sending the enquiry, and, if the modification action should be executed, sending a confirmation signal from the superordinate central device to the enquiring substation.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, which further comprises:
sending from the at least one substation being operated in optimization mode to all substations an enquiry signal that is used to define the modification action intended to be executed in the subsystem of the at least one substation being operated in optimization mode;
checking, in each of the substations what influence the planned modification action would have on its own subsystem, to produce a substation-individual sensitivity value describing the influence and sending the substation-individual sensitivity value to the at least one substation being operated in optimization mode;
and receiving, by the at least one substation being operated in optimization mode, the substation-individual sensitivity values from a remainder of the substations and producing a total state value describing the operating state of the entire energy distribution system based on the substation-individual sensitivity values.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the total state value formed for the whole energy distribution system is a value that indicates:
a ratio between an energy consumed by the loads connected to the energy distribution system and an energy lost in the energy distribution system; or
a range of variation in a voltage in the energy distribution system; or
a range of variation in a frequency of the voltage in the energy distribution system.

### Claim 10

An energy distribution system, comprising:
a plurality of substations each configured to supply a subsystem of the energy distribution system with energy;
a central device superordinate to said substations;
at least one of said substations being configured for operation in an optimization mode for potentially optimizing an operation of the entire energy distribution system by examining an effect which a modification action, to be performed by said at least one substation in a respective said subsystem associated therewith, would have on the operating state of the whole energy distribution system, said at least one of said substations being configured to:
send to all of said substations, or at least to said substations affected by the modification action, an enquiry signal that defines the modification action;
receive from all of said substations, or at least from said substations affected by the modification action, a respective substation-individual sensitivity value that indicates a change in a local operating state in said subsystem associated with the respective other substation if the modification action were to be executed in the subsystem of said at least one substation being operated in the optimization mode;
and check whether the modification action would lead to an improvement in the operating state of the whole energy distribution system, based upon the sensitivity values thus received and a sensitivity value of the least one substation operated in optimization mode, which describes the influence of the modification on the subsystem associated with said substation operated in optimization mode;
wherein said check comprises at least one of:
summing the substation-individual sensitivity values with the sensitivity value of the at least one substation operated in optimization mode; and
forming a total state value that describes the operating state of the entire energy distribution system based on the substation-individual sensitivity values and the sensitivity value of the at least one substation operated in optimization mode.

### Claim 11

A substation for an energy distribution system with a plurality of substations and subsystems associated with said substations, the substation comprising:
a computation device programmed for operating the substation in an optimization mode, wherein the substation optimizes an operation of the energy distribution system by examining a modification action, to be performed by the substation in a subsystem associated therewith, for an effect thereof on an operating state of the whole energy distribution system by:
sending to all substations, or at least to one or more substations affected by the modification action, an enquiry signal that defines the modification action;
receiving from all substations, or at least from one or more substations affected by the modification action, a respective substation-individual sensitivity value that indicates a change in a local operating state in the subsystem associated with the respective other substation if the modification action were to be executed in the subsystem of the at least one substation being operated in optimization mode;
and checking whether the modification action would lead to an improvement in the operating state for the whole energy distribution system, based upon the received sensitivity values;
wherein said checking comprises at least one of:
summing the substation-individual sensitivity values with a sensitivity value of the at least one substation operated in optimization mode; and
forming a total state value that describes the operating state of the entire energy distribution system based on the substation-individual sensitivity values and the sensitivity value of the at least one substation operated in optimization mode.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10, 11)

The substation according to claim 11 configured for integration in the energy distribution system according to claim 10.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

A central device for an energy distribution system according to claim 10, the central device comprising:
a computation device programmed to cause the central device, following a receipt of an enquiry from a substation, to use further data that are not available to the enquiring substation, to check whether a modification action defined in the enquiry is to be executed, and to send a confirmation signal to the enquiring substation if execution of the modification action is intended to take place.