# US 9,872,890 B2 · Determining insulin dosing schedules and carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios in diabetic patients > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,872,890 B2 - Document ID: US9872890B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 10/804,825 - Filed: 2004-03-19 - Published: 2005-03-03 - Granted: 2018-01-23 - Earliest claimed: 2003-03-19 - Applicants: Paul C. Davidson; Harry R. Hebblewhite - Inventors: Paul C. Davidson; Harry R. Hebblewhite - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9872890B2 ## CPC - G16H 40/20: for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery rooms - A61K 38/28: Insulins - A61M 5/1723: {using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood sugar or pressure} - A61M 5/20: Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically (A61M5/142 takes precedence) - G16H 10/60: for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records - G16H 20/10: relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients - G16H 20/17: delivered via infusion or injection - A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement} - A61M 2205/3569: sublocal, e.g. between console and disposable - A61M 2205/3592: using telemetric means, e.g. radio or optical transmission - A61M 2205/50: with microprocessors or computers - A61M 2205/502: User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards - A61M 2205/8206: battery-operated - A61M 2230/201: Glucose concentration - G16H 50/30: for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment - G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA - A61K: PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES (devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms A61J3/00; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; soap compositions C11D) - A61M: DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY (introducing media into or onto the bodies of animals A61D7/00; means for inserting tampons A61F13/26; devices for administering food or medicines orally A61J; containers for collecting, storing or administering blood or medical fluids A61J1/05); DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY (surgery A61B; chemical aspects of surgical articles A61L); DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR {(Electrotherapy, e.g. producing anaesthesia by the use of alternating or intermittent currents A61N1/36021)} - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) ## Abstract Method for digitally determining the daily insulin regimen for a diabetic patient. The invention divides the patient's day into adjustable time intervals containing basal insulin dosage rates and Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio(s) (for determining meal insulin doses). The invention identifies the Corrective Insulin doses over a time interval as an “error” in the Prescription Insulin (Basal Insulin+Meal Insulin). Methods involve first estimating the change to one of these two components of Prescription Insulin, and then determining the change to the other by subtracting from the error. One method estimates Change in Meal Insulin distributed among intervals proportional to old Meal Insulin. Another method lumps After-Meal Corrective Insulin together with Meal Insulin. Another method splits the interval at the After-Meal Corrective Dose and determines Basal from Time-Boundary Corrective Dose. Data may be obtained from the previous day, and a small fraction of error applied, leading to asymptotic reduction of error. Data may be obtained from recent history, and a larger fraction of error applied by doctor or automatic method. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A computer-implemented method of dynamically adjusting an insulin dosing scheme of a subject in an insulin pump, comprising: obtaining, by at least one computing device implemented in the insulin pump and comprising at least one hardware processor, data comprising a previous insulin dosing scheme of the subject and blood glucose data of the subject relating to the previous insulin dosing scheme; and determining, by the at least one computing device, an adjusted insulin dosing scheme for the subject based on the data and the previous insulin dosing scheme, the adjusted insulin dosing scheme comprising: (a) combining, by the at least one computing device, a base insulin dosage administered over a given previous time interval (Basal Insulin) with an additional insulin dosage administered in relation to a meal taken during the previous given time interval (Meal Insulin) to determine a previous total insulin prescribed for the given time interval (Prescription Insulin); (b) determining, by the at least one computing device, an error in the previous total insulin prescribed by determining a difference between previous blood glucose data and a blood glucose target, dividing the difference by a Correction Factor (CF), applying a fraction of the divided difference to determine the error, and applying a portion of said error to Meal Insulin and a portion of the error to Basal Insulin, by either: (i): determining, by the at least one computing device, a preliminary desired change to Meal Insulin as an independent variable and then determining a change to Basal Insulin as a dependent variable, wherein the change to Basal Insulin is calculated as the error in the previous total insulin prescribed less the preliminary desired change to Meal Insulin, or (ii): determining, by the at least one computing device, a preliminary desired change Basil Insulin as an independent variable and then determining a change to Meal Insulin as a dependent variable, wherein the change to Meal Insulin is calculated as the error in the previous total insulin prescribed less the preliminary desired change to Meal Insulin; and (c) determining, by the at least one computing device, a change to a Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio (CIR) to be used in adjusting the insulin dosing scheme to arrive at an adjusted insulin dosing scheme either by: (i) multiplying, by the at least one computing device, the change to Meal Insulin by a rate of change of the Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio (CIR) with respect to Meal Insulin, which is determined as a calculus derivative of a population-based correlation, or (ii) determining, by the at least one computing device, a change for the Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio (CIR) for a 24 hour period based on a combination of a total Meal Insulin for the 24 hour period plus the error in the previous total insulin prescribed for the 24 hour period minus a change for Basal Insulin for the 24 hour period, and dividing a total amount of carbohydrates for the 24 hour period by the combination; and causing, by the at least one computing device, the adjusted insulin dosing scheme determined for the subject to be shown in a display of an insulin device comprising the insulin pump for an implementation of the adjusted insulin dosing scheme; and administering, by the insulin device, at least a portion of the insulin to the subject in accordance with the adjusted insulin dosing scheme. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the adjusted insulin scheme is comprised of one or more adjusted values for a daily schedule of Basal Rates, a daily schedule of Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratios, a daily schedule of Meal Insulin doses, or one or more values of Correction Factor (CF). ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising rendering, by the at least one computing device, the adjusted insulin dosing scheme in a video screen, generating, by the at least one computing device, a printed report, generating, by the at least one computing device, a digital file, or communicating, by the at least one computing device, the adjusted insulin dosing scheme to an operating program of the insulin pump. ### Claim 4 An insulin pump configured to dynamically adjust an insulin dosing scheme of a subject, comprising: an insulin cartridge comprising insulin; an infusion set configured to provide the insulin from the insulin cartridge into the subject through a cannula; a battery; at least one computing device comprising at least one hardware processor; and program instructions executable in the at least one computing device that, when executed, cause the at least one computing device to determine a rate at which insulin is introduced into the subject by: accessing data comprising a previous insulin dosing scheme of the subject and blood glucose data of the subject relating to the previous insulin dosing scheme; and determining an adjusted insulin dosing scheme for the subject based on the data, the adjusted insulin dosing scheme comprising: (a) combining a base insulin dosage administered over a previous given time interval (Basal Insulin) with an additional insulin dosage administered in relation to a meal taken during the previous given time interval (Meal Insulin) to determine a previous total insulin prescribed for the given time interval (Prescription Insulin), (b) determining an error in the previous total insulin prescribed by determining a difference between previous blood glucose data and a blood glucose target, dividing the difference by a Correction Factor (CF), applying a fraction of the divided difference to determine the error, and applying a portion of the error to Meal Insulin and a portion of the error to Basal Insulin, by either of two methods of: (i) determining a preliminary desired change to Meal Insulin as an independent variable and then determining a change to Basal Insulin as a dependent variable, wherein the change to Basal Insulin is calculated as the error in the previous total insulin prescribed less the preliminary desired change to Meal Insulin, or (ii): determining a preliminary desired change to Basil Insulin as an independent variable and then determining a change to Meal Insulin as a dependent variable, wherein the change to Meal Insulin is calculated as the error in the previous total insulin prescribed less the preliminary desired change to Meal Insulin; and (c) determining a change to a Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio (CIR) to be used in adjusting the insulin dosing scheme to arrive at an adjusted insulin dosing scheme either by: (i) multiplying the change to Meal Insulin by a rate of change of the Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio (CIR) with respect to Meal Insulin, which is determined as a calculus derivative of a population-based correlation, or (ii) determining a change for the Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio (CIR) for a 24 hour period based on a combination of a total Meal Insulin for the 24 hour period plus the error in the previous total insulin prescribed for the 24 hour period minus a change for Basal Insulin for the 24 hour period, and dividing a total amount of carbohydrates for the 24 hour period by the combination; and providing, via the infusion set, at least a portion of the insulin to the subject in accordance with the adjusted insulin dosing scheme determined for the subject. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The insulin pump of claim 4, wherein the adjusted insulin scheme is comprised of one or more adjusted values for a daily schedule of Basal Rates, a daily schedule of Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratios, a daily schedule of Meal Insulin doses, or one or more values of Correction Factor (CF). ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The insulin pump of claim 4, further comprising program instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one computing device to render the adjusted insulin dosing scheme in a video screen of an electronic display, generate a printed report, generate a digital file, or communicate the adjusted insulin dosing scheme to an operating program of the insulin pump. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the change to Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio of step(c)(i) is determined as the rate of change of CIR with respect to a total insulin dose for a 24 hour period times the rate of change of the total insulin dose for the 24 hour period with respect to Meal Insulin for the 24 hour period. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) The insulin pump of claim 4, wherein the change to Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio of step(c)(i) is determined as the rate of change of CIR with respect to a total insulin dose for a 24 hour period times the rate of change of the total insulin dose for the 24 hour period with respect to Meal Insulin for the 24 hour period. ### Claim 9 A system, comprising: at least one computing device comprising at least one hardware processor; an insulin device comprising a display and an insulin pump; and an application executable in the at least one computing device that, when executed, causes the at least one computing device to: access data comprising a previous insulin dosing scheme of a subject and blood glucose data of the subject relating to the previous dosing scheme; and determine an adjusted insulin dosing scheme for the subject based on an analysis of the data performed by the at least one computing device, the adjusted insulin dosing scheme comprising: (a) combining a base insulin dosage administered over a previous given time interval (Basal Insulin) with an additional insulin dosage administered in relation to a meal taken during the previous given time interval (Meal Insulin) to determine a previous total insulin prescribed for the given time interval (Prescription Insulin), (b) determining an error in the previous total insulin prescribed by determining a difference between previous blood glucose data and a blood glucose target, dividing the difference by a Correction Factor (CF), applying a fraction of the divided difference to determine the error, and applying a portion of the error to Meal Insulin and a portion of the error to Basal Insulin, by either: (i) determining a preliminary desired change to Meal Insulin as an independent variable and then determining a change to Basal Insulin as a dependent variable, wherein the change to Basal Insulin is calculated as the error in the previous total insulin prescribed less the preliminary desired change to Meal Insulin, or (ii): determining a preliminary desired change to Basil Insulin as an independent variable and then determining a change to Meal Insulin as a dependent variable, wherein the change to Meal Insulin is calculated as the error in the previous total insulin prescribed less the preliminary desired change to Meal Insulin; and (c) determining a change to a Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio (CIR) to be used in determining the adjusted insulin dosing scheme either by: (i) multiplying the change to Meal Insulin by a rate of change of the Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio (CIR) with respect to Meal Insulin, which is determined as a calculus derivative of a population-based correlation, or (ii) determining a change for the Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio (CIR) for a 24 hour period based on a combination of a total Meal Insulin for the 24 hour period plus the error in the previous total insulin prescribed for the 24 hour period minus a change for Basal Insulin for the 24 hour period, and dividing a total amount of carbohydrates for the 24 hour period by the combination; and causing, by the at least one computing device, the adjusted insulin dosing scheme determined for the subject to be shown in the display of the insulin device for an implementation of the adjusted insulin dosing scheme; and administering, by the insulin device, at least a portion of the insulin to the subject in accordance with the adjusted insulin dosing scheme determined for the subject. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The system of claim 9, wherein the adjusted insulin scheme is comprised of one or more adjusted values for a daily schedule of Basal Rates, a daily schedule of Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratios, a daily schedule of Meal Insulin doses, or one or more values of Correction Factor (CF). ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The system of claim 9, wherein causing the insulin pump to provide at least the portion of the insulin to the subject in accordance with the adjusted insulin dosing scheme further comprises causing the insulin device to pump the insulin from an insulin cartridge into the subject through a cannula. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The system of claim 9, wherein the application, when executed, further causes the at least one computing device to render the adjusted insulin dosing scheme in a video screen, generate a printed report, generate a digital file, or communicate the adjusted insulin dosing scheme to an operating program of the insulin pump. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The system of claim 9, wherein the change to Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratio of step(c)(i) is determined as the rate of change of CIR with respect to a total insulin dose for a 24 hour period times the rate of change of the total insulin dose for the 24 hour period with respect to Meal Insulin for the 24 hour period. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the previous insulin dosing scheme is comprised of one or more values for a daily schedule of Basal Rates, a daily schedule of Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratios, a daily schedule of Meal Insulin doses, or one or more values of Correction Factor (CF). ### Claim 15 (depends on 4) The insulin pump of claim 4, wherein the previous insulin dosing scheme is comprised of one or more values for a daily schedule of Basal Rates, a daily schedule of Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratios, a daily schedule of Meal Insulin doses, or one or more values of Correction Factor (CF). ### Claim 16 (depends on 9) The system of claim 9, wherein the previous insulin dosing scheme is comprised of one or more values for a daily schedule of Basal Rates, a daily schedule of Carbohydrate-to-Insulin Ratios, a daily schedule of Meal Insulin doses, or one or more values of Correction Factor (CF).