# US 9,872,650 B2 · Electrodermal interface system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,872,650 B2 - Document ID: US9872650B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 14/716,084 - Filed: 2015-05-19 - Published: 2015-11-19 - Granted: 2018-01-23 - Earliest claimed: 2014-05-19 - Assignees: Anthrotronix, Inc. - Applicants: Anthrotronix, Inc. - Inventors: Jack M. Vice - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9872650B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/6804: {Garments; Clothes} - A61B 5/0022: {Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet} - A61B 5/02405: {Determining heart rate variability} - A61B 5/282: Holders for multiple electrodes (for introduction into the body A61B5/287) - A61B 5/296: for electromyography [EMG] - A61B 5/395: Details of stimulation, e.g. nerve stimulation to elicit EMG response - A61B 5/7203: {for noise prevention, reduction or removal} - A61B 5/7455: {characterised by tactile indication, e.g. vibration or electrical stimulation} - A61N 1/0452: {Specially adapted for transcutaneous muscle stimulation [TMS]} - A61N 1/3603: {Control systems} - A61B 5/024: Measuring pulse rate or heart rate - A61N 1/0484: {Garment electrodes worn by the patient} - A61N 1/321: {Electromedical belts} - A61N 1/36003: {of motor muscles, e.g. for walking assistance} - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) ## Abstract A communication system, method, and computer program product supported by electro-dermal monitoring physiological signals at the surface of the skin. The system includes a garment comprising an electro-dermal interface. The interface includes two or more electrodes in an array of electrodes. The electrodes are associated with three or more polarities. Two or more measurement circuits associated with respective measurement functions are in communication with the electrodes, including a first measurement circuit associated with a first measurement function and a second measurement circuit associated with a second measurement function. Switching circuitry comprising two or more pole switches, with each switch in communication with a respective electrode. A controller is in communication with the switching circuitry to change a measurement function. Changing the measurement function includes changing a polarity associated with at least one of the electrodes. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system comprising: a garment comprising a non-conductive material; an electro-dermal interface comprised within the garment, the electro-dermal interface comprising: a first array of electrodes to measure electro-dermal data, the first array configured with a first electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, each electrode having a single polarity, including the first electrode having a first polarity and the second electrode having a second polarity, and the first electrode having a first centroid positioned at a first position and the second electrode having a second centroid positioned at a second position; a first circuit having a first function and a second circuit having a second function, the first and second functions selected from the group consisting of: measurement and stimulation, and the first and second circuits in communication with the first array of electrodes, wherein the first and second functions are different; and switch circuitry comprising two or more pole switches, wherein each switch is in communication with a respective electrode; a controller in communication with the switch circuitry to change a polarity setting associated with at least one of the first and second electrodes, wherein the polarity change dynamically creates a dependent pair relationship between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first and second electrodes are in communication with a single one of the first and second circuits; and the electro-dermal interface configured to perform spatial de-confliction, including receiving electrode data from the first and the second electrode in the first array at a first location and messaging data to a third and a fourth electrode in the first array at a second location, wherein the electrodes are spaced apart to mitigate interference. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein paired electrodes are in bi-directional communication. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the first array of electrodes is configured to measure heart rate data. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein one of the circuits is an electronic muscle stimulator (EMS) circuit for muscle stimulation and one of the circuits is an electromyography (EMG) circuit to measure muscle activity. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, further comprising an electro-dermal information presentation message including stimulation by two or more electrodes in the first array. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein at least one of the pole switches has at least three positions, including a first position to complete a connection from the respective electrode to the EMS circuit, a second position being a neutral position, and a third position to complete a connection from the respective electrode to the EMG circuit. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The system of claim 6, wherein the first position is a positive polarity position and the third position is a negative polarity position. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein at least one of the pole switches has at least five positions, including a first position to complete a first connection from the respective electrode to the EMS circuit, a second position to complete a second connection from the respective electrode to the EMG circuit, a third position being a neutral position, a fourth position to complete a third connection from the respective electrode to the EMS circuit, and a fifth position to complete a fourth connection from the respective electrode to the EMG circuit. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the first and second positions are positive polarity positions and the fourth and fifth positions are negative polarity positions. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising the electro-dermal interface configured to perform identification of interference in detected signals, including, an encoded message transmitted from one of the electrodes in the first array of electrodes through a dermal layer and received by another electrode in the first array of electrodes to differentiate between the detected signals from different electrodes. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, wherein the encoded message is encoded in a form selected from the group consisting of: an electrical pattern, voltage variations, and any combination thereof. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising the electro-dermal interface configured to measure electrical resistance proximal to an electrode of the first array and in response to the measured resistance exceeding a threshold, the electro-dermal interface to disable the electrode and to re-route messaging to a different electrode of the first array. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising the electro-dermal interface configured to measure moisture proximal to an electrode of the first array and in response to the measured moisture exceeding a threshold, the electro-dermal interface to adjust the measured electro-dermal data. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising: a team having at least two members, the team comprising: a first member having the first array of electrodes; a second member having a second array of electrodes, the second array configured with a second electrode pair including a set of electrodes, each electrode in the set having a single polarity, including the one of the electrodes in the set having the first polarity and the one of the electrodes in the set having the second polarity, the electrodes in the set are in communication with two or more additional circuits, each electrode in the set is in communication with a respective second switch; and a robotic asset in communication with the first and second arrays, the robotic asset configured to communicate with the team, including the robotic asset to send a signal to at least one of the arrays and receive a signal from at least one of the arrays, wherein the electrodes in the first and second arrays are separately addressable. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The system of claim 14, further comprising the first array configured to attain a baseline heart rate, and to measure heart rate variability, including the first array to sense a condition of a first entity selected from the group consisting of: a change in the heart rate and a change in heart rate variability. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system of claim 15, further comprising the robotic asset configured to receive the sensed condition as a communication and configured to send a signal to the second array wherein at least one electrode of the second array transmits an encoded message. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The system of claim 16, wherein the encoded message is converted into an electro-dermal coding selected from the group consisting of: temporal message, spatial message, a feel variation, a feel pulse, force feedback message, and morse code. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising the polarity change creating a communication channel between the first and second electrodes, wherein the communication channel transmits a voltage potential between the first and second electrodes. ### Claim 19 A system comprising: a team having at least two members and a robotic asset, wherein the robotic asset is configured in communication with each member, wherein each member of the team comprises: an electro-dermal interface comprising: an array of electrodes to measure electro-dermal data, wherein each electrode is associated with one of at least two polarities, wherein each electrode is independently positionable; two or more circuits associated with a function selected from the group consisting of: measurement, stimulation, and messaging, each of the circuits in communication with the array of electrodes, including a first circuit with a first function and a second circuit with a second function, wherein the first and second functions are different; and switch circuitry comprising two or more pole switches, wherein each switch is in communication with a respective electrode and one or more of the circuits; and a controller in communication with the switch circuitry to change a polarity associated with at least one of the electrodes; each member of the team in communication with a separate entity; and the robotic asset configured to receive a sensed condition from a first member and to send the sensed condition as a signal to a second array of electrodes wherein at least one electrode of the second array of electrodes transmits an encoded message, wherein the encoded message is converted into an electro-dermal coding selected from the group consisting of: temporal message, spatial message, a feel variation, a feel pulse, force feedback message, and morse code. ### Claim 20 A system comprising: a team having at least two members and a robotic asset, wherein the robotic asset is configured in communication with each member, wherein each member of the team comprises: an electro-dermal interface comprising: an array of electrodes to measure electro-dermal data, wherein each electrode is associated with one of at least two polarities, wherein each electrode is independently positionable; two or more circuits associated with a function selected from the group consisting of: measurement, stimulation, and messaging, each of the circuits in communication with the array of electrodes, including a first circuit with a first function and a second circuit with a second function, wherein the first and second functions are different; and switch circuitry comprising two or more pole switches, wherein each switch is in communication with a respective electrode and one or more of the circuits; and a controller in communication with the switch circuitry to change a polarity associated with at least one of the electrodes; each member of the team in communication with a separate entity; and the robotic asset configured to receive a sensed condition from a first member and to send a signal to a second array of electrodes wherein at least one electrode of the second array of electrodes transmits an encoded message, wherein the encoded message is converted into an electro-dermal coding. ### Claim 21 A system comprising: a garment comprising a non-conductive material; an electro-dermal interface comprised within the garment, the electro-dermal interface comprising: a first array of electrodes to measure electro-dermal data, the first array configured with a first electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, each electrode having a single polarity, including the first electrode having a first polarity and the second electrode having a second polarity, and the first electrode having a first centroid positioned at a first location and the second electrode having a second centroid positioned at a second location; a first circuit having a first function and a second circuit having a second function, the first and second functions selected from the group consisting of: measurement and stimulation, and the first and second circuits in communication with the first array of electrodes, wherein the first and second functions are different; and switch circuitry comprising two or more pole switches, wherein each switch is in communication with a respective electrode; a controller in communication with the switch circuitry to change a polarity setting associated with at least one of the first and second electrodes, wherein the polarity change dynamically creates a dependent pair relationship between the first and second electrodes, wherein the first and second electrodes are in communication with a single one of the first and second circuits; and the electro-dermal interface configured to perform identification of interference in detected signals, including, an encoded message transmitted from the first electrode in the first array of electrodes through a dermal layer and received by the second electrode in the first array of electrodes to differentiate between the detected signals from different electrodes.