Solar cell and method for manufacturing the same

A solar cell comprising:

• a substrate having a first type conductivity, and having a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a third surface that is other than the first surface and the second surface;
• an emitter region positioned at the first surface, the emitter region forming a p-n junction along with the substrate, the emitter region having a second type conductivity opposite of the first type conductivity;
• a plurality of surface field regions locally positioned at the second surface, the plurality of surface field regions having the first type conductivity more heavily doped than that of the substrate;
• a plurality of first electrodes positioned on the emitter region to be separated from one another and connected to the emitter region;
• a plurality of second electrodes positioned on the plurality of surface field regions to be separated from one another and connected to the plurality of surface field regions;
• a first anti-reflection layer positioned on the first surface, the second surface, and the third surface, the first anti-reflection layer being formed of aluminum oxide and having negative fixed charges;
• a second anti-reflection layer positioned on the first anti-reflection layer at the first surface and the third surface, the second anti-reflection layer being formed of silicon nitride and having positive fixed charges;
• a passivation layer positioned between the second surface and the first anti-reflection layer, the passivation layer being formed of silicon nitride and having positive fixed charges,
• wherein the passivation layer is formed directly between the second surface and the first anti-reflection layer,
• wherein the first anti-reflection layer is formed directly between the third surface and the second anti-reflection layer,
• wherein each of the first anti-reflection layer and the passivation layer has a plurality of openings, where the plurality of second electrodes penetrate through the plurality of openings of each of the first anti-reflection layer and the passivation layer to connect to the plurality of back surface field regions positioned at the second surface,
• wherein each of the passivation layer and the first anti-reflection layer are positioned on the entire second surface except for where the plurality of openings are positioned, and
• wherein the first anti-reflection layer continuously wraps around from the first surface to the third surface, and continuously wraps around from the third surface to the second surface.