Electrochromic element, optical filter, lens unit, image pickup apparatus, and window member

An electrochromic element, comprising:

• a first electrode;
• a second electrode;
• a third electrode;
• and
• an electrolyte, a cathodic organic electrochromic compound, and a cathodic redox substance that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode,
• at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent, wherein:
• the third electrode is electrically connectable to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode through the electrolyte;
• the third electrode further has a redox substance;
• and
• an oxidized form of the redox substance of the third electrode is more easily reduced than an oxidized form of the cathodic organic electrochromic compound.

An electrochromic element, comprising:

• a first electrode;
• a second electrode;
• a third electrode;
• and
• an electrolyte, an anodic organic electrochromic compound, and a cathodic organic electrochromic compound that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode,
• at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent, wherein:
• the third electrode is electrically connectable to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode through the electrolyte;
• the third electrode has a redox substance;
• a reduced form of the redox substance of the third electrode is more easily oxidized than a reduced form of the anodic organic electrochromic compound;
• and
• an oxidized form of the redox substance of the third electrode is more easily reduced than an oxidized form of the cathodic organic electrochromic compound.