Methods of developing a prognosis for pancreatic cancer and predicting responsiveness to cancer therapeutics

A method of predicting responsiveness of pancreatic cancer in a subject to a cancer therapy including a VEGF targeting agent comprising:

• obtaining a sample from the subject;
• measuring a protein expression level of VEGF-C and GROa in the sample from the subject;
• generating a comparison of the protein expression level of VEGF-C and GROa in the sample to a reference level of the biomarker;
• and using said comparison to predict the responsiveness of the cancer to treatment with the cancer therapy including a VEGF targeting agent, wherein low levels of VEGF-C in combination with high levels of GROa are predictive of lack of responsiveness of the cancer to treatment including a VEGF targeting agent, wherein the prediction indicates unfavorability of including a VEGF targeting agent in the cancer therapy when the protein expression level of VEGF-C is less than 575 pg/mL and the protein expression level of GROa is more than 70 pg/mL, and wherein the prediction indicates a VEGF targeting agent should be included in the cancer therapy when the protein expression level of VEGF-C is more than 575 pg/mL and the protein expression level of GROa is less than 70 pg/mL.