Red-shifted luciferins and methods of using same

A compound according to Formula (XII):

• wherein
• X is CN or
• Y is OR;
• R is
• A is OH or NHAc;
• and
• each R5 is independently H, a monosaccharide or a polyethylene glycol moiety of up to 40 units.

A compound according to Formula (XIII):

• wherein
• X is CN or
• Y is NHR;
• R is
• R7 is an amino acid side chain;
• and
• R6 is H, a nitrogen protecting group, or a chain of up to 35 amino acids.

A compound according to Formula (XV):

• wherein
• X is CN or
• Y is OR;
• and
• R is C1-10 alkyl, substituted C1-10 alkylaryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl or substituted aralkyl.

A compound according to Formula (XVI):

• wherein
• X is —CH(OR10)2;
• R10 is C1-4 alkyl, substituted C1-4 alkyl, benzyl or substituted benzyl;
• Y is OR1 or NR1R2;
• and
• R1 is H, C1-10 alkyl or substituted C1-10 alkyl;
• R2 is H, C1-10 alkyl or substituted C1-10 alkyl;
• or
• R1 and R2 together form a 4 to 8 membered ring.

A compound according to Formula (XVII):

• wherein
• R8 is CH2OH, C(O)R10 or —C(O)ZR9;
• Z is O or NH;
• R9 is C1-7 alkyl or substituted C1-7 alkyl;
• R10 is a peptide;
• Y is OR1 or NR1R2;
• and
• R1 is H, C1-10 alkyl or substituted C1-10 alkyl;
• R2 is H, C1-10 alkyl or substituted C1-10 alkyl;
• or
• R1 and R2 together form a 4 to 8 membered ring.

A compound according to Formula (XVIII):

• wherein
• X is CN or
• Y is OR;
• R is
• each R11 is independently H, C1-6 alkyl, substituted C1-6 alkyl, CF3, halogen, NO2, or CO2R12 provided that at least one of R11 is NO2;
• R12 is H, C1-6 alkyl or substituted C1-6 alkyl;
• and
• m is 1 or 2.

A compound according to Formula (XX):

• wherein
• X is CN or
• Y is L-R;
• L is a linker;
• and
• R is a boronic acid or borate ester.

A compound according to Formula (XV):

• wherein
• X is
• Y is H or OR;
• and
• R is C1-10 alkyl, substituted C1-10 alkylaryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl or substituted aralkyl.