Light emitting, photovoltaic or other electronic apparatus and system

A system, comprising:

• an electrical or electronic interface;
• a base coupled to the electrical or electronic interface;
• at least one first conductor coupled to or forming the base and electrically coupled to the electrical or electronic interface;
• a plurality of diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor, each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising a diode substrate and having a surface, wherein fifteen percent to fifty-five percent of the surface of each diode of the plurality of diodes has a penetration layer or region extending into the diode substrate and having a first majority carrier or dopant, the remaining diode substrate having a second majority carrier or dopant, wherein a mean size of the plurality of diodes is between twenty microns and forty microns;
• at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of diodes;
• and
• at least one lens coupled over the plurality of diodes and any intervening layers.

A system, comprising:

• an electrical or electronic interface;
• at least one first conductor coupled electrically to the electrical or electronic interface;
• a plurality of spherical diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor, each spherical diode of the plurality of spherical diodes comprising a diode substrate and having a surface, wherein fifteen percent to fifty-five percent of the surface of each spherical diode of the plurality of diodes has a penetration layer or region extending into the diode substrate and having a first majority carrier or dopant, the remaining diode substrate having a second majority carrier or dopant, wherein a mean size of the plurality of diodes is between twenty microns and forty microns;
• at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of spherical diodes;
• and
• a lens structure comprising a plurality of lenses and coupled over the plurality of diodes and any intervening layers, the plurality of lenses comparatively sized to the plurality of spherical diodes and spaced apart from the plurality of spherical diodes to the provide a resonant mode coupling to the plurality of spherical diodes.