3D in vitro bi-phasic cartilage-bone construct

A three dimensional (3D) in vitro bi-phasic cartilage-bone organoid comprising:

• a layer of an artificial cartilage tissue;
• and
• a layer of an artificial bone tissue comprising a structure-giving scaffold and a bone marrow structure,
• wherein,
• the layer of the artificial cartilage tissue contacts at least one surface of the layer of the artificial bone tissue,
• the structure-giving scaffold of the artificial bone tissue comprises a 3D zirconium oxide based, hydroxyapatite coated ceramic, and
• the bone marrow structure of the artificial bone tissue comprises mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells prepared by a method comprising:
• seeding mesenchymal stem cells on the structure-giving scaffold,
• culturing the mesenchymal stem cell on the structure-giving scaffold for 2 to 10 days, and
• adding the hematopoietic stem cells,
• wherein the artificial cartilage tissue is prepared by a method comprising:
• providing mesenchymal progenitor cells;
• and
• culturing the mesenchymal progenitor cells under non-adherent conditions so as to form chondrogenic cell aggregates as the artificial cartilage tissue.