Trans-spinal direct current modulation systems

A system for regulation of an effector organ in a vertebrate being, the system comprising:

• a first stimulation component configured to provide peripheral direct current stimulation of a peripheral nerve associated with activity of a target effector organ of a vertebrate being;
• said first stimulation component including a neural stimulation circuit having neural stimulation poles configured to stimulate said peripheral nerve;
• a second stimulation component configured to provide spinal direct current stimulation at a spinal location associated with regulation of said activity of said target effector organ, said second stimulation component defining a spinal stimulation circuit having an active spinal stimulation pole and a spinal reference pole, said spinal stimulation circuit configured to provide constant-current trans-spinal direct current stimulation between said spinal stimulation pole and said spinal reference pole for stimulating said spinal location;
• the active spinal stimulation pole being relatively proximal to said spinal location;
• the spinal reference pole being relatively distal to said spinal location;
• and
• a controller component configured to ensure that said active spinal pole and said proximal neural pole are excited at opposite polarities, forming a resulting polarization circuit, said resulting polarization circuit being configured to provide a polarizing current flow between said active spinal pole and said proximal neural pole according to said opposite polarities, for regulating said activity of said target effector organ according to said polarizing current flow.