Toner

A method of producing a toner having a toner particle comprising a step of obtaining the toner particle by granulation in an aqueous medium, wherein the toner particle contains:

• a binder system containing at least two different polymers, said binder system comprising (i) a binder resin and (ii) a crystalline polyester other than the binder resin;
• a pigment;
• and
• a pigment dispersant, wherein
• the pigment dispersant comprises a structure represented by formula (1) and a polymer moiety, and
• a hydrophobic parameter HP1 of the pigment dispersant and a hydrophobic parameter HP2 of the crystalline polyester satisfy −0.28≦(HP1−HP2)≦0.15
• where HP1 represents a volume fraction of heptane at a point of precipitation by the pigment dispersant as measured by the addition of heptane to a solution containing 0.05 mass parts of the pigment dispersant and 1.48 mass parts of chloroform, and
• HP2 represents a volume fraction of heptane at a point of precipitation by the crystalline polyester as measured by the addition of heptane to a solution containing 0.05 mass parts of the crystalline polyester and 1.48 mass parts of chloroform,
• where R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group;
• Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group;
• Ar and R2 to R6 satisfy at least one of (i) Ar has a linking group that is bonded to a carbon atom in the aryl group and that forms a linking portion of bond to the polymer moiety, or (ii) at least one of R2 to R6 is a linking group that forms a linking portion of bond to the polymer moiety;
• each of the R2 to R6 that is not a linking group independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, a carboxyl group, or a group represented by formula (2-1) or a group represented by formula (2-2);
• and
• Ar and R2 to R6 satisfy at least one of (iii) Ar has a group represented by formula (2-1) or a group represented by formula (2-2) as a substituent, or (iv) at least one of R2 to R6 is a group represented by formula (2-1) or a group represented by formula (2-2),
• wherein in formula (2-1) * represents a site where the group bonds to the Ar or the aromatic ring having R2 to R6 in formula (1);
• R7 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxycarbonyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyloxycarbonyl group;
• A1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an NR8 group;
• and
• R8 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxycarbonyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyloxycarbonyl group,
• wherein in formula (2-2) * and ** each represent a site where the group bonds to the Ar or the aromatic ring having R2 to R6 in formula (1);
• the group represented by formula (2-2) forms a 5-membered heterocycle by bonding with the Ar or the aromatic ring having R2 to R6 in formula (1);
• A2 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an NR8 group;
• and
• R8 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxycarbonyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyloxycarbonyl group.