A method of characterizing substrate specificity of a 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (KASIII), which method comprises expressing the KASIII, which is not expressed in wild-type Bacillus subtilis, in a mutant B. subtilis, which does not express a functional KASIIIA and does not express a functional KASIIIB, and wherein the KASIIIB of SEQ ID NO:66 comprises a mutation of Trp221 and a mutation of Val226, and assessing the production of co-functionalized fatty acids, whereupon the substrate specificity of a KASIII is characterized.