Immunomodulatory properties of multipotent adult progenitor cells and uses thereof

A method of treatment of diabetes in a subject, comprising:

• administering to a subject in need of treatment for diabetes—by an effective route and in an effective amount to treat diabetes, cells that:
• are not embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells, or germ cells;
• can differentiate into at least one cell type of each of at least two of the endodermal, ectodermal, and mesodermal embryonic lineages;
• express telomerase;
• are allogeneic or xenogeneic to the subject;
• do not provoke a deleterious immune response in the subject;
• and are effective to treat diabetes in the subject,—wherein the cells are administered adjunctively to one or more other treatments, without also administering an immunosuppressive treatment adjunctively to treatment with the cells wherein the cells have not been genetically engineered to improve their immunomodulatory properties.