Structures and methods for controlling losses in printed circuit boards

A stator, comprising:

• a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of each said dielectric layer, at least one conductive pattern comprising;
• a plurality of first conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on one of the dielectric surfaces;
• at least one of the first conductive traces connected at its outer radius to at least one other of the first conductive elements at its outer radius by a first interconnect;
• wherein at least said first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, an ending region, and the starting region has a first radiused inner edge section and a first radiused outer edge section extending from the first conductive trace to the transition region, and a second radiused inner edge section and a second radiused outer edge section extending from the transition region and the other conductive trace;
• and
• wherein at least the first radiused inner and outer edge sections and the second radiused inner and outer edge sections are each characterized at least in part by a Corner Equation
• r(θ)=rd+(rs−rd)e−(θ-θs)/α
• for a corner starting at θs and rs and evaluated for θ>θs, or the equivalent reflected version with
• r(θ)=rd+(rs−rd)e−(θs-θ)/α
• for a corner evaluated with θ<θs and ending at θs and rs, and where α is a parameter adjusted according to the required physical structure of the stator.

A stator, comprising:

• a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of each said dielectric layer, at least one conductive pattern comprising;
• a plurality of first conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on one of the dielectric surfaces;
• at least one of the first conductive traces connected at its outer radius to at least one other of the first conductive elements at its outer radius by a first interconnect;
• wherein at least said first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, an ending region, and the starting region has a first radiused inner edge section extending from the first conductive trace at its outer radius to the transition region, and a second radiused inner edge section extending from the transition region to the other conductive trace at its outer radius;
• and
• wherein at least the first radiused inner edge section and the second radiused inner edge section are each characterized by a slope dr/dθ which is a linear function of r(θ) from the one conductive trace to the transitional region and where the slope dr/dθ is a different linear function from the transitional region to the other conductive trace.

A stator, comprising:

• a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of each said dielectric layer, at least one conductive pattern comprising;
• a plurality of first conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on one of the dielectric surfaces;
• at least one of the first conductive traces connected at its outer radius to a starting region of a first interconnect at its outer radius, said first interconnect being bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge and having said starting region, a transition region, and an ending region, and a first radiused inner edge section extending from the outer radius of the one conductive trace to the transition region, and a second radiused inner edge section extending from the transition region to the other conductive trace at its outer radius;
• and at any point between the inner and outer edge, the smallest current density magnitude under direct current excitation is not less than 50% of the largest current density magnitude evaluated along the shortest line between the inner and outer edge passing through that point.

A stator, comprising:

• a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least two dielectric layers and a conductive pattern on a surface of each said dielectric layer, at least one conductive pattern comprising;
• a plurality of first conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on different ones of the dielectric surfaces;
• at least one of the first conductive traces connected at its outer radius to at least one other of the first conductive traces on a different surface at its outer radius by a first interlayer interconnect;
• wherein at least said first interlayer interconnect has a starting region on a first layer, a transition region, and an ending region on a different layer, and further comprising a first radiused inner edge section extending from a first conductive trace to the transition region, and a second radiused inner edge section extending from the transition region to said other conductive trace at its outer radius;
• and
• wherein at least the first radiused inner edge section and the second radiused inner edge section are each characterized at least in part by a structure designed to reduce parasitic and eddy current effects on axially adjacent conductive surface structures.

A stator, comprising:

• a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of each said dielectric layer, at least one conductive pattern comprising;
• a plurality of first conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on one of the dielectric surfaces;
• at least one of the first conductive traces connected at its outer radius to at least one other of the first conductive elements at its outer radius by a first interconnect;
• wherein at least said first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge and has a starting region, a transition region, an ending region, and a first radiused inner edge section extending from the connected first conductive trace at it outer radius to the transition region, and a second radiused inner edge section connecting the transition region to the outer radius of the one other conductive trace;
• and
• wherein at least the first radiused inner edge section and the second radiused inner edge section are each characterized by a structure for reducing eddy currents in the outer conductive portions of the interconnect.

A stator, comprising:

• a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of each said dielectric layer, at least one conductive pattern comprising;
• a plurality of first conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on one of the dielectric surfaces;
• at least one of the first conductive traces connected at its outer radius to at least one other of the first conductive traces at its outer radius by a first interconnect;
• wherein at least said first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, an ending region, and first radiused inner and outer edge sections extending from the first conductive trace to the transition region, and second radiused inner and outer edge sections extending from the transition region to the one other conductive trace at its outer radius;
• and
• wherein at least the respective slope of the first radiused inner edge section and outer edge section and the second radiused inner edge section and outer edge section are each characterized by a monotonically changing value of slope as a function of the rotational angle from the one conductive trace to the other conductive trace.

A stator, comprising:

• a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of each said dielectric layer, at least one conductive pattern comprising;
• a plurality of first conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on one of the dielectric surfaces;
• at least one of the first conductive traces connected at its outer radius to at least one other of the first conductive traces at its outer radius by a first interconnect;
• wherein at least said first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, an ending region, and a first radiused inner edge section and a first radiused outer edge section extending from the first conductive trace to the transition region, and a second radiused inner edge section and a second radiused outer edge section extending from the transition region to the one other conductive trace at the outer radius of the other conductive trace;
• and
• wherein at least between the inner edge and the outer edge of the interconnect in its transition region, the interconnect has at least one slit-like elongated region that does not substantially reduce electrical conductivity from one end of the interconnect to the other end of the interconnect, and extending substantially parallel to the inner edge in the transition region of the interconnect.

A stator, comprising:

• a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of each said dielectric layer, at least one conductive pattern comprising;
• a plurality of first conductive traces, each extending radially from an inner radius to an outer radius and disposed angularly on one of the dielectric surfaces;
• at least one of the first conductive traces connected at its outer radius to at least one other of the first conductive traces at its outer radius by a first interconnect;
• wherein at least said first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, and an ending region, and a first radiused inner edge section extending from the first conductive trace to the transition region, and a second radiused inner edge section extending from the transition region to the one other conductive trace at the outer radius of the other conductive trace;
• and
• wherein the inner edge of the interconnect from the connection between the first conductive trace and the starting region to the beginning of the transition region is designated the “CT inner edge” distance, and achieves at least 90% of the maximum current density value, as determined by FEA/FEM calculations, within the first 20% of the CT inner edge measured along the inner edge of the interconnect from the first conductive trace toward the transition region.

A printed circuit board, comprising:

• a planar composite structure (PCS) comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive pattern on a surface of each said dielectric layer, said conductive pattern comprising;
• a plurality of first conductive traces;
• at least one of the first conductive traces connected at a first end to at least one other conductive trace by a first interconnect the connected ends of the conductive traces being angularly offset from each other;
• wherein at least said first interconnect is bounded by an inner edge and an outer edge, and has a starting region, a transition region, an ending region, and the starting region has a first radiused inner edge section extending from the first conductive trace to the transition region, and the ending region having a second radiused inner edge section extending from the transition region to the other conductive trace;
• and
• wherein at least the first radiused inner edge section and the second radiused inner edge section are each characterized at least in part by the Corner Equation
• r(θ)=rd+(rs−rd)e−(θ-θs)/α
• for a corner starting at θs and rs and evaluated for θ>θs, or the equivalent reflected version with
• r(θ)=rd+(rs−rd)e−(θs-θ)/α
• for a corner evaluated with θ<θs and ending at θs and rs, and
• where α is a parameter adjusted according to the required physical structure of the connected traces.