Vibration element, vibrator, oscillator, electronic apparatus, and moving object

A vibration element comprising:

• a quartz crystal substrate having an X-axis, a Y′-axis, and a Z′-axis perpendicular to each other, and including a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposite to each other, the first principal surface and the second principal surface extending along the X-axis and the Z′-axis;
• a first excitation electrode disposed on the first principal surface;
• a second excitation electrode disposed on the second principal surface;
• and
• a first extraction electrode disposed on the first principal surface, and connected to the first excitation electrode,
• wherein the first extraction electrode includes a first electrode section, and a second electrode section extending from the first electrode section in a Z′-axis direction, the second electrode section being connected to the first excitation electrode,
• wherein the second electrode section is narrower in width in an X-axis direction intersecting with the Z′-axis direction than the first electrode section at a location where the second electrode section is connected to the first electrode section,
• the second electrode section has a length in the Z′-axis direction that is less than a length of the first electrode section in the Z′-axis direction,
• the first electrode section, the second electrode section, and the first excitation electrode are aligned in the Z′-axis direction in a plan view;
• wherein S1 is an area of the first excitation electrode, S2 is an area of an overlapping part where the second electrode section overlaps the second excitation electrode in the plan view, and (S2/S1)≦0.1;
• and
• when viewed along the Z′-axis direction, the entire width of the second electrode section in the X-axis direction is within the range of the width of the first excitation electrode in the X-axis direction.