Dual polarized electronically steerable parasitic antenna radiator (ESPAR)

An antenna comprising:

• a driven patch element having dual polarity for radiating or receiving a first beam with a first polarization and radiating or receiving a second beam with a second polarization;
• a first parasitic patch element separated from the driven patch element and in a parasitic coupling arrangement to the driven patch element;
• a second parasitic patch element separated from the driven patch element and in a parasitic coupling arrangement to the driven patch element, the driven patch element located between the first parasitic patch element and the second parasitic patch element;
• a first tuning element linked to the first parasitic patch element to control a first terminating impedance of the first parasitic patch element;
• a second tuning element linked to the first parasitic patch element to control a second terminating impedance of the first parasitic patch element;
• a third tuning element linked to the second parasitic patch element to control a third terminating impedance of the second parasitic patch element, the first and third terminating impedances at least partly determining a direction of the first beam;
• and
• a fourth tuning element linked to the second parasitic patch element to control a fourth terminating impedance of the second parasitic patch element, the second and fourth terminating impedances at least partly determining a direction of the second beam.