Aqueous electrolytes for redox flow battery systems
AssigneeBattelle Memorial Institute
InventorsTianbiao Liu, Bin Li, Xiaoliang Wei, Zimin Nie, Wei Wang, Jun Liu, Vincent L. Sprenkle
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
An aqueous redox flow battery system includes an aqueous catholyte and an aqueous anolyte. The aqueous catholyte may comprise (i) an optionally substituted thiourea or a nitroxyl radical compound and (ii) a catholyte aqueous supporting solution. The aqueous anolyte may comprise (i) metal cations or a viologen compound and (ii) an anolyte aqueous supporting solution. The catholyte aqueous supporting solution and the anolyte aqueous supporting solution independently may comprise (i) a proton source, (ii) a halide source, or (iii) a proton source and a halide source.
Claims26
An aqueous catholyte for use in a redox flow battery system, comprising:
- a catholyte aqueous supporting solution;
- and
- an electrochemically active component comprising
- (i) a monosubstituted, disubstituted, trisubstituted, or tetrasubstituted thiourea having a general formula I
- wherein R1-R4 independently are hydrogen, aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, substituted acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or substituted alkylaryl, the optionally substituted thiourea having a concentration sufficient to charge a redox flow battery system when the optionally substituted thiourea is oxidized, and/or
- (ii) a water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound having a general formula II
- wherein n is 0, 1, or 2,
- R5-R6 and R9-R14 independently are hydrogen, aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, halo, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, cyano, or thiol, and
- each R7 and R8 independently is hydrogen, optionally substituted aliphatic, halo, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, cyano, or thiol, the water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound having a concentration sufficient to charge a redox flow battery system when the water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound is oxidized.
An aqueous catholyte for use in a redox flow battery system, comprising an electrochemically active component and a catholyte aqueous supporting solution, wherein:
- (i) the electrochemically active component is an optionally substituted thiourea having a general formula I
- wherein R1-R4 independently are hydrogen, aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, substituted acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or substituted alkylaryl, the optionally substituted thiourea having a concentration sufficient to charge a redox flow battery system when the optionally substituted thiourea is oxidized, and the catholyte aqueous supporting solution comprises NaCl, KCl, HCl, or a combination thereof;
- or
- (ii) the electrochemically active component is a water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound, and the catholyte aqueous supporting solution comprises NaCl, KCl, or a combination thereof.
An aqueous catholyte for use in a redox flow battery system, wherein, prior to charging, the catholyte consists essentially of an electrochemically active component and a catholyte aqueous supporting solution, wherein:
- (i) the electrochemically active component is an optionally substituted thiourea having a general formula I
- wherein R1-R4 independently are hydrogen, aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, substituted acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or substituted alkylaryl, the optionally substituted thiourea having a concentration sufficient to charge a redox flow battery system when the optionally substituted thiourea is oxidized, and/or
- a water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound having a general formula II
- wherein n is 0, 1, or 2,
- R5-R6 and R9-R14 independently are hydrogen, aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, halo, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, cyano, or thiol, and
- each R7 and R8 independently is hydrogen, optionally substituted aliphatic, halo, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, cyano, or thiol, the water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound having a concentration sufficient to charge a redox flow battery system when the water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound is oxidized;
- and
- (ii) the aqueous catholyte supporting solution consists essentially of (i) water and (ii) a proton source, a halide source, or both a proton source and a halide source.
An aqueous electrolyte system for use in a redox flow battery system, comprising:
- (i) an aqueous anolyte comprising
- a non-acidic anolyte aqueous supporting solution comprising an anolyte halide source, and
- a viologen compound providing viologen cations having a general formula
- wherein R15 is aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, aryl, or substituted aryl, the viologen compound having a concentration sufficient to charge a redox flow battery system when the viologen compound is reduced;
- and
- (ii) an aqueous catholyte comprising a non-acidic catholyte aqueous supporting solution comprising a catholyte halide source and one of the following
- (a) redox-active transition metal cations,
- (b) an optionally substituted thiourea having a general formula I
- wherein R1-R4 independently are hydrogen, aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, acyl, substituted acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or substituted alkylaryl, the optionally substituted thiourea having a concentration sufficient to charge a redox flow battery system when the optionally substituted thiourea is oxidized, or
- (c) a water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound having a general formula II
- wherein n is 0, 1, or 2,
- R5, R6 and R9-R14 independently are hydrogen, aliphatic, substituted aliphatic, halo, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, cyano, or thiol, and
- each R7 and R8 independently is hydrogen, optionally substituted aliphatic, halo, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, cyano, or thiol, the water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound having a concentration sufficient to charge a redox flow battery system when the water-soluble nitroxyl radical compound is oxidized.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.