Apparatus and method for accurate energy device state-of-charge (SoC) monitoring and control using real-time state-of-health (SoH) data

An apparatus for empirically determining the state-of-charge of an electrochemical energy device, comprising:

• an electrical excitation source for applying electrical excitations to the energy device at a predetermined electrical excitation frequency ωe;
• a mechanical excitation source for applying mechanical excitations to the energy device at a predetermined mechanical excitation frequency ωm;
• a measurement device for measuring an electrically-induced phase difference Δθe(ωe) between voltage (V) and current (I) within the energy device from applying said electrical excitations;
• and
• said measurement device for further measuring a mechanically-induced phase difference Δθe(ωm) between voltage (V) and current (I) within the energy device from applying said mechanical excitations;
• wherein
• the empirical real-time state-of-health of said energy device is deduced by comparing said electrically-induced phase difference Δθe(ωe) with said mechanically-induced phase difference Δθe(ωm);
• and
• said deduced state of health is used to determine the state of charge.