Cyclopropenium polymers and methods for making the same

A process for incorporating a cyclopropenium ion into a polymeric system comprising contacting a functionalized cyclopropenium ion with a functionalized compound capable of reacting with the functional group of the cyclopropenium ion for a period of time and under conditions suitable for the functionalized cyclopropenium and the functionalized compound to react and form a polymeric system that comprises a stable cyclopropenium cation that remains positively charged;

• wherein the functionalized cyclopropenium ion is a compound of formula (100):
• wherein
• X1-3 are independently selected from the group consisting of Cl and N;
• and
• R1-4 are independently selected from the group consisting of no atom, amino, aryl, heteroaryl,C1-10alkoxy, C2-10alkenyloxy, C2-10alkynyloxy, C1-10alkyl C3-10cycloalkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C3-10cycloalkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, halogen, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, C2-10alkoxycarbonyl, C1-10alkenylthio, C2-10alkynylthio, C2-10alkynylthio, C1-10alkylsulfonyl, C1-10alkylsulfinyl, aryl-C1-10alkyl, heteroaryl-C1-10alkyl, aryl-C1-10heteroalkyl, heteroaryl-C1-10heteroalkyl, a phosphorus group, a silicon group and a boron group, wherein R1 and R2 or R3 and R4 are optionally combined to form a 5 to 8-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
• further wherein the aliphatic or aromatic portions of R1 and R2 are optionally substituted with from 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-4alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, aryl, C1-6alkoxy, C2-6alkenyloxy, C2-6alkynyloxy,aryloxy, C2-6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6alkylthio, C1-6alkylsulfonyl, C1-6alkylsulfinyl, oxo, imino, thiono, primary amino, carboxyl, C1-6alkylamino, C1-6dialkylamino, amido, nitrogen heterocycles, hydroxy, thiol and phosphorus.