# US 9,753,473 B2 · Two-stage low-dropout frequency-compensating linear power supply systems and methods > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,753,473 B2 - Document ID: US9753473B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/633,568 - Filed: 2012-10-02 - Published: 2014-04-03 - Granted: 2017-09-05 - Earliest claimed: 2012-10-02 - Assignees: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation - Applicants: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation - Inventors: Fang Dong Tan; Jeff Zee - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9753473B2 ## CPC - G05F 1/575: characterised by the feedback circuit - G05F 1/563: including two stages of regulation at least one of which is output level responsive, e.g. coarse and fine regulation - G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES ## Abstract Aspects of the present invention include a low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system. The system includes a pass-element configured to generate an output voltage at an output based on an input voltage. The system also includes a compensation amplifier stage coupled to the output and configured to provide frequency compensation and provide a desired frequency response of the output voltage. The system further includes a gain amplifier stage interconnecting the compensation amplifier stage and the pass-element and configured to provide DC gain scaling to generate the output voltage substantially proportional to the input voltage within a given range of the input voltage. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system comprising: a pass-element configured to generate an output voltage at an output based on an input voltage; a compensation amplifier stage coupled to the LDO output and configured to provide frequency compensation and to generate a stabilization voltage, wherein the compensation amplifier stage comprises: a compensation operational amplifier (OP-AMP) configured to generate the stabilization voltage at an output of the compensation OP-AMP based on a reference voltage at a first input of the compensation OP-AMP and a feedback voltage representative of the output voltage at a second input of the compensation OP-AMP; a resistive-capacitive feed-forward network coupled between the LDO output and the second input of the compensation OP-AMP and configured to generate a feed-forward output voltage that is a fraction of the output voltage at the LDO output, wherein the resistive-capacitive feed-forward network comprises a first resistive voltage-divider and a second resistive voltage-divider, the first resistive voltage divider providing a first divided voltage via a first resistor and a first capacitor, the second resistive voltage divider providing a second divided voltage via a second resistor, the first divided voltage and the second divided voltage configured to be combined to generate the feed-forward output voltage; and a resistive-capacitive feedback network coupled between the second input and the output of the compensation OP-AMP and configured to feed back the stabilization voltage to the second input, wherein the feedback voltage generated at the second input of the compensation OP-AMP is generated based on a portion of the stabilization voltage and the feed-forward output voltage; and a gain amplifier stage interconnecting the compensation amplifier stage and the pass-element and configured to generate a control voltage based on the stabilization voltage and which has a frequency response that is approximately equal to a frequency response of the stabilization voltage, the control voltage being provided to the pass element with direct current (DC) gain scaling of the stabilization voltage to generate the output voltage proportional to the input voltage within a given range of the input voltage. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system of claim 1, wherein the pass-element is configured as one of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and a Darlington pair of transistors. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system of claim 1, wherein the resistive-capacitive feed-forward and feedback networks are configured to cooperate to affect the frequency response of the output voltage. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system of claim 1, wherein the gain amplifier stage comprises a gain OP-AMP configured to receive the stabilization voltage at a first input and to generate the control voltage at an output of the gain OP-AMP. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system of claim 4, wherein the control voltage has a magnitude that is proportional to the stabilization voltage. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) An integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising the LDO linear power supply system of claim 1. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The IC chip of claim 6, wherein the IC chip comprises terminals configured to receive a second capacitor and an associated equivalent series resistance (ESR) coupled to the LDO output external to the IC to provide output filtering of the output voltage. ### Claim 8 A low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system comprising: a pass-element configured to generate an output voltage at an output based on an input voltage; a compensation amplifier stage coupled to the output and configured to provide frequency compensation and to generate a stabilization voltage in response to a reference voltage and a feedback voltage representative of the output voltage, wherein the compensation amplifier stage comprises: a compensation operational amplifier (OP-AMP) configured to generate the stabilization voltage at an output of the compensation OP-AMP based on the reference voltage at a first input of the compensation OP-AMP and the feedback voltage at a second input of the compensation OP-AMP: a resistive-capacitive feed-forward network coupled between the LDO output and the second input of the compensation OP-AMP and configured to generate a feed-forward output voltage that is a fraction of the output voltage at the LDO output, wherein the resistive-capacitive feed-forward network comprises a first resistive voltage-divider and a second resistive voltage-divider, the first resistive voltage divider providing a first divided voltage via a first resistor and a first capacitor, the second resistive voltage divider providing a second divided voltage via a second resistor, the first divided voltage and the second divided voltage configured to be combined to generate the feed-forward output voltage; and a resistive-capacitive feedback network coupled between the second input and the output of the compensation OP-AMP and configured to feedback the stabilization voltage to the second input, wherein the feedback voltage generated at the second input of the compensation OP-AMP is generated based on a portion of the stabilization voltage and the feed-forward output voltage; and a gain amplifier stage interconnecting the compensation amplifier stage and the pass-element and configured to generate a control voltage based on the stabilization voltage and which has a frequency response that is approximately equal to a frequency response of the stabilization voltage, the control voltage being provided to the pass-element with direct current (DC) gain scaling of the stabilization voltage to generate the output voltage proportional to the input voltage; and a second capacitor and an associated equivalent series resistance (ESR) coupled to the output to provide output filtering of the output voltage. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system of claim 8, wherein the resistive-capacitive feed-forward and feedback networks are configured to cooperate to affect the frequency response of the output voltage and to provide substantially rapid transient response of the stabilization voltage. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system of claim 8, wherein the gain amplifier stage comprises a gain OPAMP configured to receive the stabilization voltage at a first input and to generate the control voltage at an output of the gain OP-AMP. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) An integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising the LDO linear power supply system of claim 8, wherein the IC chip is configured to receive the second capacitor and the ESR as an external capacitor. ### Claim 12 An integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising a low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system, the LDO linear power supply system comprising: a pass-element configured to generate an output voltage at an output based on an input voltage; a compensation amplifier stage coupled to the LDO output and configured to provide frequency compensation and to generate a stabilization voltage in response to a reference voltage and a feedback voltage representative of the output voltage, wherein the compensation amplifier stage comprises: a compensation operational amplifier (OP-AMP) configured to generate the stabilization voltage at an output of the compensation OP-AMP based on the reference voltage at a first input of the compensation OP-AMP and the feedback voltage at a second input of the compensation OP-AMP: a resistive-capacitive feed-forward network coupled between the LDO output and the second input of the compensation OP-AMP and configured to generate a feed-forward output voltage that is a fraction of the output voltage at the LDO output, wherein the resistive-capacitive feed-forward network comprises a first resistive voltage-divider and a second resistive voltage-divider, the first resistive voltage divider providing a first divided voltage via a first resistor and a first capacitor, the second resistive voltage divider providing a second divided voltage via a second resistor, the first divided voltage and the second divided voltage configured to be combined to generate the feed-forward output voltage; and a resistive-capacitive feedback network coupled between the second input and the output of the compensation OP-AMP and configured to feedback the stabilization voltage to the second input, wherein the feedback voltage generated at the second input of the OP-AMP is generated based on a portion of the stabilization voltage and the feed-forward output voltage; and a gain amplifier stage interconnecting the compensation amplifier stage and the pass-element and comprising a gain OP-AMP configured to receive the stabilization voltage at a first input of the gain OP-AMP and to generate a control voltage at an output of the gain OP-AMP, the control voltage being provided to control the pass-element at a control input, the gain amplifier stage being configured to provide direct current (DC) gain scaling of the control voltage relative to the stabilization voltage to control the pass-element to generate the output voltage proportional to the input voltage; and terminals configured to receive a second capacitor and an associated equivalent series resistance (ESR) coupled to the output external to the IC to provide output filtering of the output voltage. ### Claim 13 A low-dropout (LDO) linear power supply system comprising: a pass-element configured to generate an output voltage at an output based on an input voltage; a compensation amplifier stage coupled to the LDO output and configured to provide frequency compensation and to generate a stabilization voltage in response to a reference voltage and a feedback voltage representative of the output voltage, wherein the compensation amplifier stage comprises: a compensation operational amplifier (OP-AMP) configured to generate the stabilization voltage at an output of the compensation OP-AMP based on the reference voltage at an inverting input of the compensation OP-AMP and the feedback voltage at the inverting input of the compensation OP-AMP: a resistive-capacitive feed-forward network coupled between the LDO output and the inverting input of the compensation OP-AMP and configured to generate a feed-forward output voltage that is a fraction of the output voltage at the LDO output, wherein the resistive-capacitive feed-forward network comprises a resistive voltage-divider, the resistive voltage divider providing a divided voltage via a first resistor, a second resistor and a first capacitor to generate the feed-forward output voltage; and a resistive-capacitive feedback network coupled between the inverting input and the output of the compensation OP-AMP and configured to feed back the stabilization voltage to the inverting input, wherein the feedback voltage generated at the inverting input of the compensation OP-AMP is generated based on a portion of the stabilization voltage, the feed-forward output voltage and the reference voltage, wherein the reference voltage and the output voltage are directly interconnected by the resistive voltage divider; and an a gain amplifier stage interconnecting the compensation amplifier stage and the pass-element and configured to generate a control voltage based on the stabilization voltage and which has a frequency response that is approximately equal to a frequency response of the stabilization voltage, the control voltage being provided to the pass-element with direct current (DC) gain scaling of the stabilization voltage to generate the output voltage proportional to the input voltage within a given range of the input voltage.