# US 9,753,470 B1 · Adaptive headroom control to minimize PMIC operating efficiency > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,753,470 B1 - Document ID: US9753470B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 14/014,772 - Filed: 2013-08-30 - Granted: 2017-09-05 - Earliest claimed: 2013-06-28 - Assignees: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. - Applicants: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. - Inventors: Steven Westcott Hawley; KyungTak Lee; ChiYoung Kim; Rui Liu - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9753470B1 ## CPC - G05F 1/462: {as a function of the requirements of the load, e.g. delay, temperature, specific voltage/current characteristic} - H02M 1/0025: {Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter} - H02M 1/0045: {Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode} - H02M 1/0048: {Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses (using snubbers H02M1/34)} - H02M 1/008: {Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators} - Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes - G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS ## Abstract Various embodiments of the invention provide for an adaptive headroom controller circuit that increases the efficiency of switch mode pre-regulator circuits that supply power to multiple linear sub-regulators. Certain embodiments increase efficiency by dynamically modulating the output voltage of the pre-regulator in response to varying headroom voltages requirements, which allows sub-regulators to operate at their individually optimized headroom voltage, thereby, extending battery life and, at the same time, avoiding the triggering of a drop-out condition. In certain embodiments of the invention, further efficiency improvements are provided by selectively operating low drop-out regulators in regulator and load-switch mode. The innovation is applicable to modern mobile PMIC switching pre-regulator architectures (e.g., buck, buck/boost, or boost type) powered by a single high-voltage Li-ion battery and followed by a group of low drop-out type sub-regulators that share a common, pre-regulated low voltage input that drives multiple low-voltage outputs. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An adaptive headroom controller comprising: a pre-regulator; a plurality of voltage regulators coupled to receive a pre-regulated input voltage from the pre-regulator; a plurality of linear switches coupled to the plurality of voltage regulators, each linear switch generates an output signal representative of an input voltage requirement of a corresponding voltage regulator; a margin voltage source coupled to the plurality of linear switches, the margin voltage source selectively generates a first headroom voltage that is related to a variation in one or more operating conditions; and a select module coupled to the pre-regulator, the select module receives the output signal to generate a select signal that controls the pre-regulated input voltage in response to varying headroom voltages requirements of the plurality of voltage regulators, thereby, increasing an efficiency of the pre-regulator. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The controller according to claim 1, wherein the select signal corresponds to the highest input voltage requirement. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The controller according to claim 1, further comprising a comparator coupled to the plurality of linear switches in a feedback configuration, the comparator is configured to detect a second headroom voltage based on an output voltage of the corresponding voltage regulator. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The controller according to claim 3, wherein the output signal is associated with the pre-regulated input voltage and the second headroom voltage. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The controller according to claim 4, further comprising a counter coupled between the comparator and the select module, the counter outputs counter signals representative of the input voltage requirement of the corresponding voltage regulator. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The controller according to claim 5, wherein the select module is a voltage detector comprising a plurality of inputs, the voltage detector generates the select signal in response to receiving the counter signals at the a plurality of inputs. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The controller according to claim 1, further comprising scaling circuits coupled to the plurality of linear switches, the scaling circuits generate scaled currents that are duplicate, scaled-down versions of output currents of the plurality of voltage regulators. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The controller according to claim 7, wherein the scaled currents determine a second headroom voltage that is a function of at least the output signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The controller according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of regulators are configured to operate as a load switch. ### Claim 10 A method to maximize efficiency in linear regulators, the method comprising: receiving a pre-regulated input voltage from a pre-regulator; detecting a plurality of regulator output voltages; determining one or more headroom voltages that account for variations of the regulator output voltages at regular operation; determining a plurality of minimum required regulator output voltages based on the one or more headroom voltages; selectively generating a first headroom voltage related to a variation in one or more operating conditions; determining a control voltage that is representative of a maximum of the plurality of minimum required regulator output voltages; and adjusting the pre-regulated input voltage based on the control voltage. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method according to claim 10, further comprising determining and updating a maximum pre-regulated input voltage requirement for each of a plurality of regulators. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method according to claim 11, further comprising operating one or more of the plurality of regulators as a load switch. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method according to claim 10, wherein the maximum of the plurality of minimum required regulator output voltages is equal to a sum of the pre-regulated input voltage and a highest of the one or more headroom voltages. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method according to claim 10, wherein determining the one or more headroom voltages comprises determining one of a load variation and a temperature variation. ### Claim 15 An adaptive headroom control system, the system comprising: a power supply that provides a system input voltage; a pre-regulator coupled to receive the system input voltage form the power supply, the pre-regulator converts the system input voltage into a pre-regulated input voltage that is different from the system input voltage; voltage regulators coupled to receive the pre-regulated input voltage and convert the pre-regulated input voltage into regulator output voltages; one or more loads coupled to the voltage regulators; a margin voltage source coupled to a plurality of linear switches to selectively generates a headroom voltage that is related to a variation in one or more operating conditions; and a control circuit coupled to receive one or more control signals from the voltage regulators, the control circuit generates a select signal corresponding to the one or more control signals and controls the pre-regulator in response to varying headroom voltages requirements of the voltage regulators, thereby, increasing the efficiency of the pre-regulator. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system according to claim 15, wherein the voltage regulators comprise current regulating transistors that regulate a current flow through one or more loads in response to the pre-regulator generating the pre-regulated input voltage with a minimum system input voltage. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The system according to claim 15, wherein the control circuit comprises a memory device that stores a headroom information. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The system according to claim 15, wherein the control circuit comprises saturating devices coupled to corresponding voltage regulators, each saturating device generates an output signal representative of an input voltage requirement of a corresponding voltage regulator. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The system according to claim 15, wherein the power supply comprises one of a switching power supply and a linear power supply.