# US 9,753,362 B2 · Mounted lenticular grating with parallax ghosting mitigation for many-frame animation

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- Number: US 9,753,362 B2
- Document ID: US9753362B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/092,539
- Filed: 2016-04-06
- Published: 2016-10-06
- Granted: 2017-09-05
- Earliest claimed: 2015-04-06
- Applicants: Laurence Jay Shaw
- Inventors: Laurence Jay Shaw
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9753362B2

## CPC

- G03B 25/02: with interposed lenticular or line screen
- G02B 3/005: {arranged along a single direction only, e.g. lenticular sheets (G02B3/0043 takes precedence)}
- G09F 19/125: {Stereoscopic displays; 3D displays}
- G03B: APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR (optical parts of such apparatus G02B; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes G03C; apparatus for processing exposed photographic materials G03D)
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G09F: DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS

## Abstract

Parallax ghosting is mitigated in a mounted lenticular grating with for many-frame animation by having lenticules at an offset angle α relative to the viewing vertical and incorporating ghosting in the base images. Where Ω is an angular range orthogonal to the longitudinal axes of the lenticules over which m picture slices in the base graphic are viewable, V is the distance between the viewer's eyes, and L is the distance of the viewer from the lenticular grating, the number N of picture slices viewed due to the parallax effect given by N=2(m/Ω)arc tan(V|cos α|2 L). The above variables are chosen such that the number N of viewed picture slices is not too large. Ghosting of foreground images from neighboring frames is added to mitigate parallax-induced washing-out of colors. To create a three-dimensional effect, ghosted images are shifted in position by an amount related to their intended distance out-of-plane.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A lenticular grating producing an animation of a sequence of base pictures, comprising:
a base graphic on a base plane which is an interleavement of an integer number m of compressed base pictures, each of said compressed base pictures being a spatial compression of an uncompressed base picture from said sequence of base pictures along a compression axis by a compression factor greater than or equal to said integer interleavement number m, said uncompressed base pictures having a viewing vertical, said integer interleavement number m being greater than or equal to 4, and
a lens having a linear array of lenticules with parallel longitudinal axes, adjacent lenticules in said array being separated by a separation distance, each of said lenticules having a magnification factor along a magnification axis orthogonal to said longitudinal axes and parallel to said compression axis, said number m of said compressed base pictures being viewable over an angular range of Ω radians transverse said longitudinal axes, said longitudinal axes of said lenticules being offset from said viewing vertical by an offset angle α, and said interleavement of said compressed base pictures being formed by slicing parallel to said longitudinal axes said compressed base pictures into compressed base picture slices having widths less than or equal to said separation distance divided by said compression factor and interleaving said compressed base picture slices, an absolute value of said offset angle α being greater than π/18 radians and less than 4π/9 radians.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein said magnification factor is equal to said compression factor.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein said absolute value of said offset angle α is greater than π/9 radians and less than 7π/18 radians.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein said absolute value of said offset angle α is greater than π/6 radians and less than π/3 radians.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein said absolute value of said offset angle α is greater than 7π/36 radians and less than 11π/36 radians.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein said absolute value of said offset angle α is greater than 2π/9 radians and less than 5π/18 radians.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein said interleavement number is greater than 8.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein said base pictures are augmented base pictures derived from unaugmented base pictures, where said unaugmented base pictures are stills from an animation and where in each of said unaugmented base pictures there is a background and a dynamic foreground object, an nth in said sequence of said augmented base pictures being created from said unaugmented base pictures by superimposing said dynamic foreground object from an (n−1)th in said sequence of said unaugmented base pictures and superimposing said dynamic foreground object from an (n+1)th in said sequence of said unaugmented base pictures onto said background of said nth in said sequence of said augmented base pictures.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The lenticular grating of claim 8 wherein said nth in said sequence of said augmented base pictures is created by further superimposing said dynamic foreground object from an (n−2)th in said sequence of said unaugmented base pictures and superimposing said dynamic foreground object from an (n+2)th in said sequence of said unaugmented base pictures onto said background of said nth in said sequence of said augmented base pictures.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The lenticular grating of claim 8 wherein said dynamic foreground object from said (n−1)th in said sequence of said unaugmented base pictures is shifted left on said nth in said sequence of augmented base pictures by a first shift distance δp1 related to a first distance g in front of the lenticular grating it is to appear.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The lenticular grating of claim 10 wherein said first shift distance δp1 proportional is inversely related to a number N of frames visible due to a parallax effect.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The lenticular grating of claim 1 further including a means for mounting the lenticular grating to a more massive object.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The mounted lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein a quantity
{(2/Ω)arc tan(0.5|cos α|)}
has a value between ⅓ and 15/16.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The mounted lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein a quantity
{(2/Ω)arc tan(0.5|cos α|)}
has a value between ½ and ⅞.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The mounted lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein a quantity
{(2/Ω)arc tan(0.5|cos α|)}
has a value between ⅔ and ¾.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The mounted lenticular grating of claim 1 wherein {0.12(m/Ω)|cos α|} is between 2 and 6.

### Claim 17

A lenticular grating producing an animation of a sequence of base pictures, comprising:
a base graphic on a base plane which is an interleavement of an integer number of compressed base pictures, each of said compressed base pictures being a spatial compression of an uncompressed base picture from said sequence of base pictures along a compression axis by a compression factor greater than or equal to said integer number, said uncompressed base pictures having a viewing vertical, said interleavement number being greater than or equal to 4, and
a lens having a linear array of lenticules, adjacent lenticules in said array being separated by a separation distance, each of said lenticules having a longitudinal axis, said longitudinal axes of said lenticules being parallel, said magnification axis being parallel to said compression axis, and said interleavement of said compressed base pictures being formed by slicing parallel to said longitudinal axes said compressed base pictures into compressed base picture slices having widths less than or equal to said separation distance divided by said integer interleavement number and interleaving said compressed base picture slices, said base pictures are augmented base pictures derived from unaugmented base pictures, said unaugmented base pictures representing stills from an animation where in each of said unaugmented base pictures there is a background and dynamic foreground object, an nth in said sequence of said augmented base pictures being created from said unaugmented base pictures by a first superimposing of said dynamic foreground object from an (n−1)th in said sequence of said unaugmented base pictures and a second superimposing of said dynamic foreground object from an (n+1)th in said sequence of said unaugmented base pictures onto said background of said nth in said sequence of said augmented base pictures.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The lenticular grating of claim 17 wherein said nth in said sequence of said augmented base pictures is created by a third superimposing of said dynamic foreground object from an (n−2)th in said sequence of said unaugmented base pictures and a fourth superimposing said dynamic foreground object from an (n+2)th in said sequence of said unaugmented base pictures onto said background of said nth in said sequence of said augmented base pictures.

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The lenticular grating of claim 17 wherein said first and second superimposings are not 100% superimpositions.