# US 9,753,330 B2 · Liquid crystal display apparatus > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,753,330 B2 - Document ID: US9753330B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 14/069,468 - Filed: 2013-11-01 - Published: 2014-05-08 - Granted: 2017-09-05 - Earliest claimed: 2012-11-08 - Assignees: Sony Corporation - Applicants: Sony Corporation - Inventors: Shunichi Suwa; Masashi Miyakawa; Chikashi Kobayashi; Yoji Nagase - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9753330B2 ## CPC - G02F 1/133707: {Structures for producing distorted electric fields, e.g. bumps, protrusions, recesses, slits in pixel electrodes} - G02F 1/133753: {with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle} - G02F 1/133776: {having structures locally influencing the alignment, e.g. unevenness} - G02F 1/134309: {characterised by their geometrical arrangement} - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS ## Abstract According to some aspects, a liquid crystal display panel comprising an electrode is provided. The electrode comprises a plurality of convex branch electrode portions arranged in a plane, the convex branch electrode portions being convex when viewed from a first direction perpendicular to the plane and extending from a central region of the electrode to a periphery of the electrode, and a plurality of concave branch electrode portions, the concave branch electrode portions being concave when viewed from the first direction, extending from the central region to the periphery and adjacent to convex branch electrode portions. According to some aspects, a method of applying a pretilt to molecules in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display panel by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer via first and second electrodes is provided. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A liquid crystal display panel, comprising: an electrode that comprises: a plurality of convex branch electrode portions arranged in a plane, wherein the plurality of convex branch electrode portions are convex when viewed from a first direction perpendicular to the plane and extend from a central region of the electrode to a periphery of the electrode; and a plurality of concave branch electrode portions, wherein the plurality of concave branch electrode portions are concave when viewed from the first direction, extend from the central region to the periphery and are adjacent to the plurality of convex branch electrode portions, wherein pairs of the plurality of convex branch electrode portions meet in the central region such that the pairs of the plurality of convex branch electrode portions form continuous convex portions, and wherein pairs of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions meet in the central region such that the pairs of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions form continuous concave portions. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 1, wherein the central region of the electrode comprises a region that extends from a first side of the electrode to a second side of the electrode. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 2, wherein the region is a first region, wherein the central region of the electrode further comprises a second region that extends from a third side of the electrode to a fourth side of the electrode, and wherein the first and second regions overlap at least once. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 3, wherein the electrode further comprises a plurality of sections, wherein the plurality of convex branch electrode portions within a first section of the plurality of sections are substantially parallel to one another and oriented at a first angle, and wherein the plurality of convex branch electrode portions within a second section of the plurality of sections are substantially parallel to one another and oriented at a second angle, different from the first angle. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 4, wherein the electrode exhibits rotational symmetry. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 1, wherein at least a subset of the pairs of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions meet in the central region such that a width of an intersection of one of the pairs of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions is different from a width of one of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 6, wherein the width of the intersection of the one of the pairs of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions is greater than the width of the one of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 1, wherein a width of at least a subset of the concave branch electrode portions is greater in a peripheral portion of the electrode than the width of the at least a subset of concave branch electrode portions in the central region of the electrode. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 1, further comprising at least one opening in the electrode. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 9, wherein the at least one opening comprises a slit within one of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions or within one of the plurality of convex branch electrode portions. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 1, further comprising a recess in the central region. ### Claim 12 A liquid crystal display panel, comprising: an electrode that comprises: a plurality of convex branch electrode portions, arranged in a plane, wherein the plurality of convex branch electrode portions are convex when viewed from a first direction perpendicular to the plane and extend from a central region of the electrode to a periphery of the electrode; and a plurality of concave branch electrode portions, wherein the plurality of concave branch electrode portions are concave when viewed from the first direction, extend from the central region to the periphery, and are adjacent to the plurality of convex branch electrode portions, wherein the electrode has a plurality of edges, wherein each of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions has a side edge within the central region that is oblique to any of the plurality of edges of the electrode, wherein pairs of the plurality of convex branch electrode portions meet in the central region such that the pairs of the plurality of convex branch electrode portions form continuous convex portions, and wherein pairs of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions meet in the central region such that the pairs of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions form continuous concave portions. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 12, further comprising a central convex electrode portion within the central region that extends from a first edge of the electrode to a second edge of the electrode. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 13, wherein the central convex electrode portion is a first central convex electrode portion, further comprising a second central convex electrode portion within the central region that extends from a third edge of the electrode to a fourth edge of the electrode, and wherein the first and second central convex electrode portions overlap at least once. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 14, wherein the central region of the electrode comprises a region that extends from the first edge of the electrode to the second edge of the electrode. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 15, wherein the region is a first region, wherein the central region of the electrode further comprises a second region that extends from the third edge of the electrode to the fourth edge of the electrode, and wherein the first and second regions overlap at least once. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 12, wherein the side edges of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions are curved. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 12, wherein a width of at least a subset of the concave branch electrode portions is greater in a peripheral portion of the electrode than the width of the at least a subset of concave branch electrode portions in the central region of the electrode. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 12, further comprising at least one opening in the electrode. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 19, wherein the at least one opening comprises a slit within one of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions or within one of the plurality of convex branch electrode portions. ### Claim 21 (depends on 12) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 12, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions meet in the central region such that concave branch electrode portions of the subset form a contiguous concave electrode portion. ### Claim 22 (depends on 12) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 12, further comprising a recess in the central region. ### Claim 23 (depends on 12) The liquid crystal display panel of claim 12, wherein the electrode is a first electrode and further comprising a second electrode that comprises an alignment regulating portion. ### Claim 24 A method, comprising: applying a pretilt to molecules in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display panel by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer via a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode comprises: a plurality of convex branch electrode portions, arranged in a plane, wherein the plurality of convex branch electrode portions are convex when viewed from a first direction perpendicular to the plane and extend from a central region of the electrode to a periphery of the electrode; and a plurality of concave branch electrode portions, wherein the plurality of concave branch electrode portions are concave when viewed from the first direction, extend from the central region to the periphery and are adjacent to the plurality of convex branch electrode portions, wherein pairs of the plurality of convex branch electrode portions meet in the central region such that the pairs of the plurality of convex branch electrode portions form continuous convex portions, and wherein pairs of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions meet in the central region such that the pairs of the plurality of concave branch electrode portions form continuous concave portions.