# US 9,753,297 B2 · Optical apparatus and method for expanding an exit pupil > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,753,297 B2 - Document ID: US9753297B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/581,847 - Filed: 2010-03-04 - Published: 2013-11-28 - Granted: 2017-09-05 - Earliest claimed: 2010-03-04 - Assignees: Nokia Corporation - Applicants: Pasi Saarikko - Inventors: Pasi Saarikko; Tapani Levola - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9753297B2 ## CPC - G02B 27/44: Grating systems; Zone plate systems (G02B27/46 takes precedence) - G02B 27/0081: {with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil} - G02B 27/0905: {Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams} - G02B 27/283: {used for beam splitting or combining} - G02B 27/42: Diffraction optics {, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect}(G02B27/60 takes precedence) - G02B 6/0038: {Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide} - G02B 6/0058: {varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide} - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS ## Abstract A first optical arrangement is configured to couple into an apparatus a first component of a light beam having a wavelength within a first spectral range; a second optical arrangement configured to couple a second component of the light beam having a wavelength within a different second spectral range; a third optical arrangement configured to expand the first component in a first dimension to create an expanded first component; a fourth optical arrangement configured to expand, in a second dimension, the expanded first component to create a further expanded first component, and to output the further expanded first component; a fifth optical arrangement configured to expand the second component in the second dimension to create an expanded second component; and a sixth optical arrangement configured to expand, in the first dimension, the expanded second component to create a further expanded second component, and to output the further expanded second component. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus, comprising: a first optical arrangement configured to couple a first component of a light beam into the apparatus, the first component of the light beam having a wavelength within a first spectral range; a second optical arrangement configured to couple a second component of the light beam into the apparatus, the second component of the light beam having a wavelength within a second spectral range, different to the first spectral range; a third optical arrangement configured to expand the first component of the light beam in a first dimension to create an expanded first component; a fourth optical arrangement configured to expand, in a second dimension, the expanded first component to create further expanded first component, and configured to output the further expanded first component of the light beam from the apparatus; a fifth optical arrangement configured to expand the second component of the light beam in the second dimension to create an expanded second component; and a sixth optical arrangement configured to expand, in the first dimension, the expanded second component to create a further expanded second component, and configured to output the further expanded second component from the apparatus collinear with the further expanded first component of the light beam from the apparatus; wherein the expanded first component of the light beam from the fourth optical arrangement and the expanded second component of the light beam from the sixth optical arrangement each comprise light rays that are substantially parallel to each other and are divergent; wherein the fourth optical arrangement is spaced apart from and aligned with the sixth optical arrangement and separated therefrom; wherein the sixth optical arrangement is configured to diffract the light beam having a wavelength within the second spectral range and not the light beam having a wavelength within the first spectral range; wherein grating lines of the fifth optical arrangement are angled with respect to grating lines of the second optical arrangement and grating lines of the sixth optical arrangement; and wherein grating lines of the third optical arrangement are angled with respect to grating lines of the first optical arrangement and grating lines of the fourth optical arrangement. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is made from a single substrate. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first optical arrangement is configured to direct the first component of the light beam in a first direction, towards the third optical arrangement. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) An apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first direction has a component in the first dimension and does not have a component in the second dimension. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second optical arrangement is configured to direct the second component of the light beam in a second direction, towards the fifth optical arrangement. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second direction has a component in the second dimension but does not have a component in the first dimension. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth optical arrangements is a diffraction grating. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) An apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth optical arrangements is a surface relief diffraction grating or a holographic element. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first optical arrangement is configured to be more efficient at coupling light, having a wavelength within the first spectral range, into the apparatus than light having a wavelength within the second spectral range. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second optical arrangement is configured to be more efficient at coupling light, having a wavelength within the second spectral range, into the apparatus than light having a wavelength within the first spectral range. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is no overlap between the first spectral range and the second spectral range. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises at least a first face and a second face, and wherein the first, third and fourth optical arrangements are situated on the first face, and the second, fifth and sixth optical arrangements are situated on the second face. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) A system comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, and an optical engine configured to provide the light beam. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A system as claimed in claim 13, further comprising a retarder intermediate the optical engine and the apparatus, wherein each of the first and second components of the light beam comprise polarized light having an electric field confined to a plane of propagation; and retarder is configured to rotate the electric field of the first component and configured not to rotate the electric field of the second component, or the retarder is configured to rotate the electric field of the second component and configured not to rotate the electric field of the first component. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) An electronic device comprising the system of claim 13, comprising at least one user input device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fifth optical arrangement is trapezoidal in shape and has two parallel sides of different lengths aligned with a horizontal dimension of the apparatus. ### Claim 17 A method, comprising: coupling a first component of a light beam into an exit pupil expander, the first component of the light beam having a wavelength within a first spectral range; coupling a second component of the light beam into the exit pupil expander, the second component of the light beam having a wavelength within a second spectral range, different to the first spectral range; expanding the first component of the light beam in a first dimension to create an expanded first component; expanding, in a second dimension, the expanded first component to create a further expanded first component; expanding the second component of the light beam in the second dimension to create an expanded second component; expanding, in the first dimension, the expanded second component to create a further expanded second component; outputting the further expanded first component of the light beam from the exit pupil expander; and outputting the further expanded second component from the exit pupil expander collinearly with the further expanded first component; wherein the expanded first component of the light beam and the expanded second component of the light beam each comprise light rays that are substantially parallel to each other and are divergent; wherein the further expanded first component of the light beam is outputted from the exit pupil expander at a point that is spaced apart from and aligned with a point at which the further expanded second component of the light beam is outputted; wherein grating lines of a fifth optical arrangement used to expand the second component of the light beam in the second dimension are angled with respect to grating lines of a second optical arrangement used to couple the second component of the light beam into the exit pupil expander and grating lines of a sixth optical arrangement used to expand, in the first dimension, the expanded second component; and wherein grating lines of a third optical arrangement used to expand the first component of the light beam in the first dimension are angled with respect to grating lines of a first optical arrangement used to couple the first component of the light beam into the exit pupil expander and grating lines of a fourth optical arrangement used to expand, in the second dimension, the expanded first component. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the first component of the light beam is directed in a first direction, towards the third optical arrangement, upon coupling into the exit pupil expander. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) An method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first direction has a component in the first dimension and does not have a component in the second dimension. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) A method as claimed in claim 17, the second component of the light beam is directed in a second direction, towards the fifth optical arrangement, upon coupling into the exit pupil expander. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) A method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the second direction has a component in the second dimension but does not have a component in the first dimension. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) A method claimed in claim 17, wherein the first and second components of the light beam are expanded by diffraction. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the exit pupil expander comprises a first optical arrangement and a second optical arrangement, and a higher proportion of the first component of the light beam is coupled into the exit pupil expander by the first optical arrangement than by the second optical arrangement. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) A method as claimed in claim 23, wherein a higher proportion of the second component of the light beam is coupled into the exit pupil expander by the second optical arrangement than by the first optical arrangement. ### Claim 25 (depends on 17) A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein there is no overlap between the first spectral range and the second spectral range. ### Claim 26 (depends on 17) A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein each of the first and second components of the light beam comprise polarized light having an electric field confined to a plane of propagation; and: the electric field of the first component is rotated prior to the first component being coupled into the exit pupil expander, and the electric field of the second component is not rotated prior to the second component being coupled into the exit pupil expander, or the electric field of the second component is rotated prior to the second component being coupled into the exit pupil expander, and the electric field of the first component is not rotated prior to the first component being coupled into the exit pupil expander. ### Claim 27 An apparatus, comprising: means for coupling a first component of a light beam into the apparatus, the first component of the light beam having a wavelength within a first spectral range; means for coupling a second component of the light beam into the apparatus, the second component of the light beam having a wavelength within a second spectral range, different to the first spectral range; means for expanding the first component of the light beam in a first dimension to create an expanded first component; means for expanding, in a second dimension, the expanded first component to create a further expanded first component, and configured to output the further expanded first component of the light beam from the apparatus; means for expanding the second component of the light beam in the second dimension to create an expanded second component; and means for expanding, in the first dimension, the expanded second component to create a further expanded second component, and configured to output the further expanded second component from the apparatus collinear with the further expanded first component of the light beam from the apparatus; wherein the expanded first component of the light beam and the expanded second component of the light beam each comprise light rays that are substantially parallel to each other and are divergent; wherein the means for expanding the first component of the light beam is spaced apart from and aligned with the means for expanding the second component of the light beam; wherein the means for expanding the second component is configured to diffract the light beam having a wavelength in the second spectral range and not the light beam having a wavelength in the first spectral range; wherein grating lines of the means for expanding the second component of the light beam in the second dimension are angled with respect to grating lines of the means for coupling a second component of the light beam into the apparatus and grating lines of the means for expanding, in the first dimension, the expanded second component; and wherein grating lines of the means for expanding the first component of the light beam in a first dimension are angled with respect to grating lines of the means for coupling a first component of a light beam into the apparatus and grating lines of the means for expanding, in a second dimension, the expanded first component. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) An apparatus as claimed in claim 27, wherein the apparatus is made from a single substrate.