# US 9,752,515 B1 · System, method, and apparatus for injecting a gas in a diesel engine

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- Number: US 9,752,515 B1
- Document ID: US9752515B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 15/477,851
- Filed: 2017-04-03
- Granted: 2017-09-05
- Earliest claimed: 2017-04-03
- Applicants: James A. Stroup
- Inventors: James A. Stroup
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9752515B1

## CPC

- F02D 19/081: {Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other}
- F02D 19/061: {by controlling fuel injectors}
- F02D 19/0642: {at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions}
- F02D 19/0647: {the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]}
- F02D 19/0692: {Arrangement of multiple injectors per combustion chamber}
- F02D 19/08: simultaneously using pluralities of fuels (F02D19/12 takes precedence)
- F02D 35/025: {by determining temperatures inside the cylinder, e.g. combustion temperatures}
- F02D 35/028: {by determining the combustion timing or phasing}
- F02D 41/0025: {Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures}
- F02D 41/0027: {the fuel being gaseous (non-electrical control F02D19/02)}
- F02D 41/26: using computer, e.g. microprocessor
- F02D 41/34: with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D 2200/0602: Fuel pressure
- F02D 2200/0606: Fuel temperature
- F02D 2200/101: Engine speed
- Y02T 10/30: Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
- Y02T 10/40: Engine management systems
- F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W)
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

A secondary fuel injection system determines (precisely) a maximum amount of secondary fuel that can be injected into a cylinder during a cycle based upon the rotational speed (RPM) of the engine. A primary fuel injection pulse width of the prior cycle and is used to determine how much heat energy was requested by an engine control module based upon the duration of the injection pulse. Secondary fuel is injected into the intake port of the cylinder after the exhaust valve closes in an amount that is calculated based upon the maximum that can be injected during the allowed calculated time of crankshaft rotation and the amount of heat energy requested in the prior cycle and to include the amount of primary fuel that is then injected into the cylinder is being reduced based upon the amount of heat energy provided by the secondary fuel that was previously injected.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A secondary fuel injection system comprising:
a source of secondary fuel;
secondary fuel injectors fluidly coupled to the source of secondary fuel, the secondary fuel injectors electrically controlled to inject an amount of the secondary fuel into an intake valve port of a respective cylinder of an engine;
means for determining a rotational speed of a crankshaft of the engine;
a processor, the processor receiving the rotational speed of the crankshaft and software running on the processor calculating an amount of time available for injection of the secondary fuel into the intake valve port of the respective cylinder;
the processor receiving primary fuel injection pulses from an engine control module of the engine instead of a primary fuel injector receiving the primary fuel injection pulses from the engine control module;
the processor calculating a total amount of heat energy required by the engine for a next cycle by multiplying a width of the primary fuel injection pulse received from the engine control module of the engine by an amount of heat energy per time period based upon a specification of the engine;
the processor calculating a supplemental amount of heat energy that is to be provided to the engine by injection of the secondary fuel;
the processor electrically controlling the secondary fuel injector to open after a respective exhaust valve of the engine closes for a period of time, thereby providing the supplemental amount of heat energy that is to be provided to the engine by the injection of the secondary fuel; and
the processor reducing a width of the subsequent primary fuel injection pulse from the engine control module of the engine by a reduction amount proportionate to the heat energy that is to be provided to the engine by injection of the secondary fuel.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 1, wherein the primary fuel is diesel.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 1, wherein the secondary fuel is natural gas.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 1, wherein the secondary fuel is compressed natural gas.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 1, wherein the secondary fuel is liquefied natural gas.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 1, whereas the primary fuel injection pulses from the engine control module are intercepted by the processor, the processor receives injection timing from the engine control module and modifies the primary fuel injection pulses to the primary fuel injectors.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 6, whereas the width of the modified primary fuel injection pulse from the processor is proportionate to the width of the primary fuel injection pulse, reduced by the amount proportionate to the heat energy that is to be provided to the engine by injection of the secondary fuel.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 6, wherein the engine control module has dummy loads connected to the engine control module for preventing fault indications.

### Claim 9

A method of supplementing a primary fuel with a secondary fuel in an engine, the method comprising:
calculating a maximum amount of secondary fuel that can be injected into a cylinder of the engine based upon a secondary fuel thermal energy content per unit volume, a number of secondary fuel injectors interfaced to an intake valve port of the cylinder, a flow rate of each of the secondary fuel injectors, and a time window that is proportional to the rotational speed of a crankshaft of the engine;
calculating a maximum amount of heat energy provided by the maximum amount of the secondary fuel;
calculating a total amount of heat energy needed by multiplying a primary fuel injection pulse width from a previous primary fuel injection cycle of the cylinder by an amount of heat energy per time period that would be delivered to the engine given the primary fuel and the primary fuel injection pulse width;
determining a replacement ratio by comparing the maximum amount of heat energy provided by the maximum amount of secondary fuel with the total amount of heat energy needed;
if the replacement ratio is greater than a predetermined maximum replacement ratio, setting the replacement ratio to the predetermined maximum replacement ratio;
after an exhaust valve of the cylinder closes, injecting an amount of the secondary fuel into the intake valve port of the cylinder determined by the replacement ratio; and
when a next primary fuel injection pulse is received, relaying a portion of the primary fuel injection pulse width to a primary fuel injector of the cylinder based upon the replacement ratio.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein the primary fuel is diesel.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein the secondary fuel is natural gas.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein the secondary fuel is compressed natural gas.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The method of claim 9, wherein:
The portion of the primary fuel injection pulse width that is used to control the primary fuel injector is equal to the primary fuel injection pulse width received times (1 minus the replacement ratio).

### Claim 14

A secondary fuel injection system comprising:
a source of secondary fuel;
a secondary fuel injector fluidly coupled to the source of secondary fuel, the secondary fuel injector electrically controlled to inject an amount of the secondary fuel into an intake valve port of a cylinder of an engine;
means for determining a rotational speed of a crankshaft of the engine, the engine having an engine control module, an injection signal that was connected between the engine control module and a primary fuel injector of the cylinder is intercepted and routed to a processor;
the processor interfaced to the means for determining the rotational speed of the engine, the processor receiving the rotational speed of the crankshaft;
software running on the processor calculating an amount of time available for injection of the secondary fuel into the intake valve port of a respective cylinder;
the software calculating a first amount of heat energy required by the engine for a next cycle by multiplying a width of a primary fuel injection pulse received on the injection signal by an amount of heat energy per time period based upon a specification of the engine;
the software calculating a second amount of heat energy that is to be provided to the engine by injection of the secondary fuel;
the software running on the processor electrically controlling the secondary fuel injector to open after an respective exhaust valve of the engine closes for a period of time required to provide the second amount of heat energy from the secondary fuel; and
the software running on the processor providing an injection pulse to the primary fuel injector responsive to receiving a subsequent primary fuel injection pulse from the engine control module, a width of the injection pulse is timed to provide an amount of primary fuel having a heat energy that is equivalent to the first amount of heat energy minus the second amount of heat energy.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 14, wherein the primary fuel is diesel.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 14, wherein the secondary fuel is natural gas.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 14, wherein the secondary fuel is compressed natural gas.

### Claim 18 (depends on 14)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 14, wherein the secondary fuel is liquefied natural gas.

### Claim 19 (depends on 14)

The secondary fuel injection system of claim 14, wherein a dummy load is connected to the injection signal.