Sustained release vaccine composition

A sustained release vaccine apparatus selected from the group consisting of an implant, a pellet, a tablet and a solid gel, the apparatus including:

• a non-liquid vaccine composition including:
• one or more antigen component(s);
• and
• a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant therefor;
• optionally, a non-liquid vaccine protection agent,
• wherein the vaccine apparatus comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable non-liquid matrix comprising at least a water-soluble substance which is a polysaccharide, and a sustained release support material which is biocompatible and biodegradable material;
• and
• wherein the vaccine apparatus is for oral administration to a non-human animal without liquid formulation,
• and the vaccine apparatus upon administration at least initiates and/or stimulates an immune response in the non-human animal.