# US 9,750,441 B2 · Signal processing for continuous analyte sensor > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,750,441 B2 - Document ID: US9750441B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/237,536 - Filed: 2016-08-15 - Published: 2016-12-01 - Granted: 2017-09-05 - Earliest claimed: 2003-12-09 - Assignees: DexCom, Inc. - Applicants: DexCom, Inc. - Inventors: James H. Brauker; Victoria E. Carr-Brendel; Paul V. Goode, Jr.; Apurv Ullas Kamath; James Patrick Thrower; Ben Xavier - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9750441B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement} - A61B 5/145: Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value {; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue} (non-radiation detecting or locating of foreign bodies in blood A61B5/06) - A61B 5/14503: {invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors (A61B5/1459, A61B5/1464, A61B5/1473, A61B5/1482, A61B5/14865 take precedence)} - A61B 5/1451: {for interstitial fluid} - A61B 5/1468: using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means - A61B 5/1486: using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase - A61B 5/14865: {invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors} - A61B 5/1495: Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes - A61B 5/7257: {using Fourier transforms} - A61B 5/726: {using Wavelet transforms} - A61B 5/7264: {Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems} - A61B 5/7275: {Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor} - A61B 5/742: {using visual displays (displays for heart-related electrical signals, e.g. ECG, A61B5/339)} - A61B 5/7455: {characterised by tactile indication, e.g. vibration or electrical stimulation} - A61B 5/746: {Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms} - A61B 5/7475: {User input or interface means, e.g. keyboard, pointing device, joystick} - A61M 5/1723: {using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood sugar or pressure} - G16Z 99/00: Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass - A61B 5/1473: invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter - Y02A 90/10: Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - A61M: DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY (introducing media into or onto the bodies of animals A61D7/00; means for inserting tampons A61F13/26; devices for administering food or medicines orally A61J; containers for collecting, storing or administering blood or medical fluids A61J1/05); DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY (surgery A61B; chemical aspects of surgical articles A61L); DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR {(Electrotherapy, e.g. producing anaesthesia by the use of alternating or intermittent currents A61N1/36021)} - G16Z: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ## Abstract Systems and methods for dynamically and intelligently estimating analyte data from a continuous analyte sensor, including receiving a data stream, selecting one of a plurality of algorithms, and employing the selected algorithm to estimate analyte values. Additional data processing includes evaluating the selected estimative algorithms, analyzing a variation of the estimated analyte values based on statistical, clinical, or physiological parameters, comparing the estimated analyte values with corresponding measure analyte values, and providing output to a user. Estimation can be used to compensate for time lag, match sensor data with corresponding reference data, warn of upcoming clinical risk, replace erroneous sensor data signals, and provide more timely analyte information encourage proactive behavior and preempt clinical risk. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for processing glucose sensor data, the method comprising: applying a potential to a glucose sensor at a first setting; measuring a first signal from the glucose sensor at the first setting; switching the potential to a different setting; measuring a second signal from the glucose sensor at the different setting; modifying a glucose concentration associated with the first signal by accounting for an adjustment derived from the second signal; generating glucose concentration data, using a processor coupled to a memory of a sensor electronics unit, based at least in part on sensor data received from the glucose sensor; displaying, using a display, a first screen presenting generated glucose concentration data over a first time period; displaying, using the display, a second screen presenting generated glucose concentration data over a second time period, wherein the second time period is different in length from the first time period; displaying, using the display, a third screen presenting a single generated real-time glucose concentration value; receiving an input from a user to toggle between the first screen, the second screen, and the third screen of the display; receiving an input from the user related to mealtime information, wherein the mealtime information is displayed on the display; receiving information from the user related to a glucose concentration target range, wherein the glucose concentration target range is represented by an upper boundary and a lower boundary, and wherein the upper boundary and the lower boundary are user configured; and generating an alert responsive to detection of a hyperglycemic condition or a hypoglycemic condition based at least in part on the single generated real-time glucose concentration value being outside the glucose concentration target range. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: selecting an algorithm based at least in part on a physiological parameter, where the single generated real-time glucose concentration value is generated based on the selected algorithm. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the glucose sensor is in contact with a biological fluid to obtain a glucose measurement, wherein the biological fluid is interstitial fluid. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the glucose sensor is in contact with a biological fluid to obtain a glucose measurement, wherein the biological fluid is blood. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a measurement of blood cells. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, displaying, using the display, a numerical representation of a date and a time. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the alert includes transmitting the alert through an audible alarm and a visual alarm. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: measuring a temperature using a temperature sensor operatively connected to the processor. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first screen and the second screen each present a trend graph, wherein the first screen comprises a first trend graph and the second screen comprises a second trend graph, wherein the first trend graph and the second trend graph each comprise a most recent result, wherein the most recent result of the first trend graph is presented on a right side of the first screen, wherein the most recent result of the second trend graph is presented on a right side of the second screen. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the glucose sensor is a continuous glucose sensor. ### Claim 11 A glucose sensor system, the system comprising: a glucose sensor configured to be in contact with a biological fluid to obtain a glucose measurement, wherein the glucose sensor comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an enzyme-containing film; sensor electronics comprising a processor for executing computer program code stored in memory to cause the processor to: apply a potential to a glucose sensor at a first setting, measure a first signal from the glucose sensor at the first setting, switch the potential to a different setting, measure a second signal from the glucose sensor at the different setting, wherein the second signal is a voltage, modify a glucose concentration associated with the first signal by accounting for an adjustment derived from the second signal, and generate glucose concentration data based at least in part on sensor data received from the glucose sensor; and a user interface configured to: display a first screen presenting generated glucose concentration data over a first time period, display a second screen presenting generated glucose concentration data over a second time period, wherein the second time period is different in length from the first time period, display a third screen presenting a single generated real-time glucose concentration value, allow a user to toggle between the first screen, the second screen, and the third screen, receive an input from the user related to mealtime information and display mealtime information on the user interface, receive information from the user related to a glucose concentration target range, wherein the glucose concentration target range is represented by an upper boundary and a lower boundary, wherein the upper boundary and the lower boundary are user configured, and generate an alert responsive to detection of a hyperglycemic condition or a hypoglycemic condition. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the memory of the sensor electronics further includes computer code to cause the processor to select an algorithm based at least in part on a physiological parameter, where the single generated real-time glucose concentration value is generated based on the selected algorithm. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the biological fluid is interstitial fluid. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the biological fluid is blood. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the glucose sensor system is further configured to determine a measurement of blood cells. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the glucose sensor system is configured to display a deviation. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the glucose sensor system further comprises a temperature sensor operatively connected to the processor of the sensor electronics. ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the sensor electronics and the display configured to display the user interface are housed in a hand-held device. ### Claim 19 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the first screen and the second screen each present a trend graph, wherein the first screen comprises a first trend graph and the second screen comprises a second trend graph, wherein the first trend graph and the second trend graph each comprise a most recent result, wherein the most recent result of the first trend graph is presented on a right side of the first screen, wherein the most recent result of the second trend graph is presented on a right side of the second screen. ### Claim 20 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the enzyme-containing film has a thickness of between 50 microns and 135 microns. ### Claim 21 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the first signal is associated with a glucose concentration, and the sensor electronics are configured to process the second signal to reduce or eliminate an effect that interferes with a measurement of the glucose concentration. ### Claim 22 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the glucose sensor is a continuous glucose sensor. ### Claim 23 A glucose sensor system, the system comprising: a glucose sensor configured to be in contact with blood to obtain a glucose measurement, wherein the glucose sensor comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an enzyme-containing film; sensor electronics comprising a processor for executing computer program code stored in memory to cause the processor to: apply a potential to the glucose sensor at a first setting, measure a first signal from the glucose sensor at the first setting, switch the potential to a different setting, measure a second signal from the glucose sensor at the different setting, wherein the second signal is a voltage, process the second signal to generate an adjustment to account for an effect that interferes with a measurement of a glucose concentration, modify a glucose concentration associated with the first signal by accounting for the adjustment derived from the second signal, and generate glucose concentration data based at least in part on sensor data received from the glucose sensor; and a user interface configured to: display a first screen presenting generated glucose concentration data over a first time period, display a second screen presenting generated glucose concentration data over a second time period, wherein the second time period is different in length from the first time period, display a third screen presenting a single generated real-time glucose concentration value, allow a user to toggle between the first screen, the second screen, and the third screen, receive an input from the user related to mealtime information and display mealtime information on the user interface, receive information from the user related to a glucose concentration target range, wherein the glucose concentration target range is represented by an upper boundary and a lower boundary, wherein the upper boundary and the lower boundary are user configured, and generate an alert responsive to detection of a hyperglycemic condition or a hypoglycemic condition.