A method of manufacturing of a plurality of thin film photovoltaic (PV) cells on top of a passivation layer, the passivation layer being formed on top of a target integrated circuit formed in turn on top of a substrate, the passivation layer having a surface that is proximal to the target integrated circuit, comprising:
- forming on a surface of the passivation layer that is distal to the substrate, a lower conductive layer (LCL) for each PV cell of the plurality of the thin film PV cells;
- forming on a surface of the LCL that is distal to the substrate the plurality of thin film PV cells;
- and
- forming on each of the plurality of PV cells distal to the substrate an upper conducting layer (UCL) for each PV cell of the plurality of the thin film PV cells.