Engineered packing for heat exchange and systems and methods constructing the same

An apparatus providing enhanced heat transfer, the apparatus comprising:

• an inlet;
• an outlet;
• a plurality of distinct sheets disposed proximate respective portions of an inner surface of a tube having a length, each of the plurality of sheets being displaced and oriented in a respective sheet plane that is substantially parallel to the length of the tube;
• and
• a plurality of tabs attached to the plurality of sheets, the tabs lying in respective tab planes, wherein:
• each respective tab plane and a corresponding sheet plane intersect forming respective intersections;
• the tabs are tapered in width from the intersection and substantially bridge the gap between adjacent sheets from one end of the tab to the other;
• the intersections of the tab planes and the corresponding sheet planes are substantially parallel;
• the intersections of the tab planes and the corresponding sheet planes are at an angle of less than 88° to the length of the tube;
• and
• the plurality of tabs collectively form channels directing a fluid passing from the inlet to the outlet to impinge a heat transfer surface defined along the length of the tube.