Broadcast transmitter and method of processing broadcast service data for transmission

A broadcast transmitter for processing broadcast data, the broadcast transmitter comprising:

• a randomizer to randomize broadcast service data;
• a first encoder to first encode the randomized broadcast service data to add parity data to the randomized broadcast service data;
• a second encoder to second encode the first-encoded broadcast service data at a code rate of D/E, wherein D<E, and wherein D and E are integers equal to or greater than 1, respectively;
• a first interleaver to first interleave the second-encoded broadcast service data;
• a second interleaver to second interleave the first-interleaved broadcast service data;
• a third encoder to encode signaling data for signaling the broadcast service data;
• a third interleaver to third interleave the encoded signaling data;
• a fourth interleaver to fourth interleave the third-interleaved signaling data;
• and
• a transmitting unit to transmit a frame,
• wherein the frame is divided into a data region including the second-interleaved broadcast service data and a first signaling region including the fourth-interleaved signaling data,
• wherein the frame includes known data,
• wherein the encoded signaling data includes information for identifying the code rate,
• wherein the frame is further divided into a second signaling region that is located at a beginning of the frame, and
• wherein the second signaling region includes at least one symbol and the at least one symbol is used for synchronization and channel estimation.