Magnetic field regenerator

A particle accelerator comprising:

• a voltage source to provide a radio frequency (RF) voltage to a cavity to accelerate particles from a plasma column, the cavity having a magnetic field causing particles accelerated from the plasma column to move orbitally within the cavity;
• an extraction channel to receive the particles accelerated from the plasma column and to output the received particles from the cavity;
• and
• a regenerator to provide a magnetic field bump within the cavity to thereby change successive orbits of the particles accelerated from the plasma column so that, eventually, particles output to the extraction channel;
• wherein the magnetic field is at least 4 Tesla and the magnetic field bump is at most 2 Tesla;
• and
• wherein the extraction channel comprises a septum that separates particles entering the extraction channel from other particles in the cavity, the regenerator being configured so that a pitch and an angle of a particle orbit enable a majority of particles in the particle orbit to pass over the septum and into the extraction channel.

A particle accelerator comprising:

• a particle source to provide pulses of ionized plasma to a cavity, a magnetic field being in the cavity;
• a voltage source to provide a radio frequency (RF) voltage to the cavity to accelerate particles from the particle source outwardly, the particles accelerated from the particle source traveling in orbits within the cavity;
• an extraction channel to receive orbits of particles from the cavity for output from the particle accelerator;
• and
• a regenerator to provide a magnetic field bump within the cavity to shape the orbits of the particles in order to direct the orbits of particles to the extraction channel, the regenerator comprising at least one edge comprising a non-orthogonal intersection of two faces, wherein the magnetic field in the cavity is at least 4 Tesla.

A particle accelerator comprising:

• a voltage source to provide a radio frequency (RF) voltage to a cavity to accelerate particles from a plasma column, the cavity having a magnetic field causing particles accelerated from the plasma column to move orbitally within the cavity;
• an extraction channel to receive the particles accelerated from the plasma column and to output the received particles from the cavity;
• and
• a regenerator to provide a magnetic field bump within the cavity to thereby change successive orbits of the particles accelerated from the plasma column so that, eventually, particles output to the extraction channel;
• wherein the particle accelerator is configured to vary an energy of the particles that are output by the particle accelerator, wherein the regenerator comprises at least one edge comprising a non-orthogonal intersection of two faces, and wherein the magnetic field in the cavity is at least 6 Tesla and the magnetic field bump is at most 2 Tesla.

A particle accelerator comprising:

• a coil to provide a magnetic field to a cavity;
• a particle source to provide a plasma column to the cavity;
• a voltage source to provide a radio frequency (RF) voltage to the cavity to accelerate particles from the plasma column, the magnetic field causing particles accelerated from the plasma column to move orbitally within the cavity;
• an enclosure containing an extraction channel to receive the particles accelerated from the plasma column and to output the particles from the cavity;
• and
• a regenerator to adjust the magnetic field within the cavity to thereby change successive orbits of the particles accelerated from the plasma column so that, eventually, the particles output to the extraction channel, the regenerator being movable within the cavity across orbital locations of the particles.

A particle accelerator comprising:

• a voltage source to provide a radio frequency (RF) voltage to a cavity to accelerate particles from a plasma column, the cavity having a magnetic field causing particles accelerated from the plasma column to move orbitally within the cavity;
• an extraction channel to receive the particles accelerated from the plasma column and to output the received particles from the cavity;
• and
• a regenerator to provide a magnetic field bump within the cavity to thereby change successive orbits of the particles accelerated from the plasma column so that, eventually, particles output to the extraction channel, the regenerator comprising a face that is not parallel to, or perpendicular to, a mid-plane of the particle accelerator;
• wherein the magnetic field is at least 6 Tesla and the magnetic field bump is at most 2 Tesla.

A particle accelerator comprising:

• a particle source to provide pulses of ionized plasma to a cavity, a magnetic field being in the cavity;
• a voltage source to provide a radio frequency (RF) voltage to the cavity to accelerate particles from the particle source outwardly, the particles accelerated from the particle source traveling in orbits within the cavity;
• an extraction channel to receive orbits of particles from the cavity for output from the particle accelerator;
• and
• a regenerator to provide a magnetic field bump within the cavity to shape the orbits of the particles in order to direct the orbits of particles to the extraction channel, the regenerator comprising a face that is not parallel to, or perpendicular to, a mid-plane of the particle accelerator, wherein the magnetic field in the cavity is at least 4 Tesla.