# US 9,598,979 B2 · Manufacturing methods for multi-lobed cooling holes > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 9,598,979 B2 - Document ID: US9598979B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/544,140 - Filed: 2012-07-09 - Published: 2013-08-15 - Granted: 2017-03-21 - Earliest claimed: 2012-02-15 - Assignees: United Technologies Corporation - Applicants: Gordon Miller Reed; Paul R. Faughnan, Jr.; John Quitter - Inventors: Gordon Miller Reed; Paul R. Faughnan, Jr.; John Quitter - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US9598979B2 ## CPC - F01D 25/12: Cooling - B23B 35/00: Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods - B23K 26/0622: by shaping pulses - B23K 26/082: Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head - B23K 26/146: the fluid stream containing a liquid - B23K 26/389: {of fluid openings, e.g. nozzles, jets} - B23P 15/04: turbine or like blades from several pieces - B26F 3/004: {by means of a fluid jet (methods for use of abrasive blasting for cutting B24C1/045; guns for abrasive fluid jets B24C5/02; perforating by non-mechanical means, e.g. by fluid jet B26F1/26)} - F23R 3/002: {Wall structures (F23R3/02 and F23R3/007 take precedence)} - B23C 3/00: Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor (milling gear-teeth B23F, {heat assisted machining B23P25/00}) - B23K 2101/001: {Turbines} - B23P 2700/06: Cooling passages of turbine components, e.g. unblocking or preventing blocking of cooling passages of turbine components - F01D 5/186: {Film cooling (F01D5/187 takes precedence)} - F01D 9/065: {Fluid supply or removal conduits traversing the working fluid flow, e.g. for lubrication-, cooling-, or sealing fluids (see also F01D25/16, F01D25/24 and F01D25/26)} - F05D 2240/81: Cooled platforms - F05D 2260/202: by film cooling - F23R 2900/00019: Repairing or maintaining combustion chamber liners or subparts - F23R 2900/03042: Film cooled combustion chamber walls or domes - Y02T 50/60: Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft - F01D: NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive displacement pumps F04D) - B23B: TURNING; BORING (arrangements for copying or controlling B23Q) - B23K: SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM - B23P: METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS (arrangements for copying or controlling B23Q) - B26F: PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING (marking-out, perforating or making buttonholes A41H25/00; shoemaking A43D; surgery A61B; punching metal B21D; drilling metal B23B; cutting of metal by applying heat locally, e.g. flame cutting, B23K; cutting by abrasive fluid jets B24C5/02; details common to machines for severing B26D; drilling wood B27C; drilling stone B28D; working of plastics or substances in a plastic state B29; making boxes, cartons, envelopes or bags, of paper or similarly worked materials, e.g. metal foil, B31B; of glass C03B; of leather C14B; of textile materials D06H; for light guides G02B6/25; of tickets G07B) - F23R: GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures F23C10/16) - B23C: MILLING (broaching B23D; broach-milling in making gears B23F; arrangement for copying or controlling B23Q) - F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract A method for producing a diffusion cooling hole extending between a wall having a first wall surface and a second wall surface includes forming a cooling hole inlet at the first wall surface, forming a cooling hole outlet at the second wall surface, forming a metering section downstream from the inlet and forming a multi-lobed diffusing section between the metering section and the outlet. The inlet, outlet, metering section and multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by laser drilling, particle beam machining, fluid jet guided laser machining, mechanical machining, masking and combinations thereof. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for producing a diffusion cooling hole extending between a wall having a first wall surface and a second wall surface, the method comprising: forming a cooling hole inlet at the first wall surface; forming a cooling hole outlet at the second wall surface; forming a metering section downstream from the inlet; and forming a multi-lobed diffusing section between the metering section and the outlet, wherein forming the diffusing section comprises: forming a first lobe that diverges longitudinally and laterally from a center axis of the metering section and has a trailing edge; forming a second lobe that diverges longitudinally and laterally from a center axis of the metering section and has a trailing edge; and forming a third lobe that diverges longitudinally and laterally from a center axis of the metering section and has a trailing edge; wherein the inlet, outlet, metering section and ,multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by a technique selected from the group consisting of laser drilling, particle beam machining, fluid jet guided laser machining, mechanical machining, masking and combinations thereof. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the wall comprises a metal or superalloy substrate. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the second wall surface comprises a coating, and wherein at least a portion of the cooling hole extends through the coating. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the coating comprises: a bond coating; and a thermal barrier coating. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein a portion of the diffusing section is located within the coating. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5, wherein the entire diffusing section is located within the coating. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein a portion of the metering section is located within the coating. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet and metering section are formed using a first laser having a frequency between about 5 Hz and about 200 kHz and a millisecond (10−3) to nanosecond (10−9) pulse duration range, and wherein the multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed using a second laser having a frequency between about 1 kHz and about 200 kHz and a pulse duration range from nanoseconds (10−9) to femtoseconds (10−15) seconds. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the wall comprises a coating on the second wall surface, and wherein at least a portion of the cooling hole extends through the coating. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet, metering section, multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed using a fluid jet guided laser. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the wall comprises a coating on the second wall surface, and wherein at least a portion of the cooling hole extends through the coating. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet, metering section, multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed using a particle beam. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the particle beam is an electron beam. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the particle beam is an ion beam or molecular beam. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the wall comprises a coating on the second wall surface, and wherein at least a portion of the cooling hole extends through the coating. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet, metering section, multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed by a technique selected from the group consisting of drilling, milling, grinding, superabrasive machining and combinations thereof. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet and metering section are formed by drilling, and wherein the multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed using a laser having a frequency between about 1 kHz and about 200 kHz and a pulse duration range from nanoseconds (10−9) to femtoseconds (10−15). ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet and metering section are formed using a laser having a frequency between about 5 Hz and about 200 kHz, and a millisecond (10−3) to nanosecond (10−9) pulse duration range, and wherein the multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed by a technique selected from the group consisting of drilling, milling, grinding, superabrasive machining and combinations thereof. ### Claim 19 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the outlet and the portion of the diffusing section extending through the coating are formed by masking. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the metering section and the diffusing section are formed using different techniques. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet and the metering section are formed before the diffusing section and the outlet. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet and the metering section are formed after the diffusing section and the outlet. ### Claim 23 A method for producing a diffusion cooling hole extending between a wall having a first wall surface and a second wall surface, the method comprising: forming a cooling hole inlet at the first wall surface; forming a cooling hole outlet at the second wall surface; forming a metering section downstream from the inlet; and forming a multi-lobed diffusing section between the metering section and the outlet, wherein forming the diffusing section comprises: forming a first lobe that diverges longitudinally and laterally from a center axis of the metering section and has a trailing edge; forming a second lobe that diverges longitudinally and laterally from a center axis of the metering section and has a trailing edge; and forming a third lobe that diverges longitudinally and laterally from a center axis of the metering section and has a trailing edge; wherein the inlet and metering section are formed by a first technique selected from the group consisting of laser drilling, particle beam machining, fluid jet guided laser machining, mechanical machining and masking, and wherein the outlet and multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by a second technique different from the first technique and selected from the group consisting of laser drilling, particle beam drilling, fluid jet guided laser machining, mechanical machining and masking.