Fault tolerant wireless battery area network for a smart battery management system

A fault-tolerant wireless battery area network (WiBaAN) system comprising:

• a plurality of battery cells;
• a plurality of master battery management units (M-BMU);
• a plurality of sensor battery management units (S-BMU), wherein individual S-BMUs are each connected to at least two battery cells of the plurality of battery cells, and wherein individual S-BMUs include at least two sensors monitoring the at least one battery cell of the plurality of battery cells through fault tolerant sensor connections in which each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells is redundantly connected to the at least two sensors, which are connected to a common communication unit through multiplexing;
• and
• at least one top level battery management unit (T-BMU) controlling the plurality of S-BMUs and being connected to at least one sensor through a fault tolerant top level connection;
• wherein individual S-BMUs are each connected to at least one M-BMU of the plurality of M-BMUs by a first diverse wireless mode;
• wherein the at least one T-BMU is connected to the plurality of S-BMUs by a second diverse wireless mode;
• and
• wherein the first diverse wireless mode is distinct from the second diverse wireless mode.