US 9,543,080 B1 · Hydrogen hydrothermal reaction tube for use in nanoparticle production and nanoparticle applications

Abstract

A hydrogen based mixing system for the fabrication of nanoparticles allowing for selection of specified particle size, narrow particle size distribution and core shell nanoparticle encapsulation. A further description of a Dense Energy UltraCapacitor that utilizes the core shell nanoparticles to create an energy storage device.

Claims32

Dependent claims

A hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube for the synthesis of nanoparticles, comprising:

a. A hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube (HHR Tube) that has one or more output ports that converge at a mixing point;
b. Three or more input ports that converge at a mixing point that include three or more of the following;
1. Chemical solution input,
2. Disassociated hydrogen (atomic hydrogen),
3. Disassociated oxygen, and
4. Super Critical Fluid;
c. Wherein the input ports converging on the mixing point create high heat and pressure;
d. Where the chemical solution reacts with the heat and pressure to form nanoparticles;
and
e. Where the nanoparticles and remaining solution exit the mixing point into a filtration system to separate the nanoparticles for collection.

7 more elements

A method for producing nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles using a hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube system, the system comprising:

a hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube comprising a plurality of ports that converge at a mixing point, the hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube comprising a plurality of the following:
a chemical solution input that provides nanoparticle coating solution input flow to the mixing point;
a chemical solution input that provides a nanoparticles input flow, of nanoparticles to be coated, to the mixing point;
a disassociated hydrogen (atomic hydrogen) input that provides a disassociated hydrogen (atomic hydrogen) input flow to the mixing point;
a disassociated oxygen input that provides a disassociated oxygen input flow to the mixing point;
a super critical fluid input that provides super critical fluid input flow to the mixing point;
and
a nanoparticle and/or coated nanoparticle output that provides an output flow of nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles from the mixing point;
and the method comprising:
at the mixing point, creating high heat and pressure with the one or more input flows;
forming nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles from the chemical solution reacting with the high heat and pressure;
and
exiting an output flow of nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles, and remaining solution, from the mixing point through the nanoparticle and/or coated nanoparticle output into a filtration system that separates the nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles for collection.

10 more elements

A suspended particle Dense Energy Ultracapacitor (DEUC) preform for fabricating a DEUC module that provides rapid charge and energy storage, comprising:

a multilayer DEUC preform in a complex circuit pattern (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of matched layers in the micron thickness range that are attached together to form a unified Preform, designed and constructed for drawing by a draw process that stretches the unified Preform to a ratio greater than 1:2 and simultaneously reduces the plurality of matched layers of the unified Preform into a multilayer thin film comprised of nano layers, of nano thickness or less, having DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform;
and
where all of the layers of the DEUC Preform are matched layers having similar a characteristics, including flow characteristics when heated and drawn (stretched) to enable a homogenous draw (stretch) of the unified Preform;
where one or more of the plurality of matched layers of the Preform comprise negative and positive electrodes made from a metal or a polymer matrix with suspended conducting particles “conducting polymer” and that are spaced apart by suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media;
where one or more layers of the plurality of matched polymer layers of the Preform comprise suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media (Energy layer);
where the high dielectric energy storage media comprises high dielectric particles that are produced using the HHR Tube system and are nano sized particles which are surface modified, to provide an electrically insulating shell applied to, and surrounding, each of the particles (Core Shell, Particles), preventing interfacial contact between the particle and the polymer layer suspending the particle, the core shell Particles are suspended in a binder comprising at least one of a polymer, a copolymer, and a terpolymer;
where alternating electrode layers are offset forming the Preform;
where the alternating electrode layers of the Preform are insulated from each other to form a left side electrode array and right side electrode array;
where each electrode array is interconnected to form a single electrode interface;
and
where the Energy layer and electrode layer polymers are cured forming a cohesive and unified Preform.

8 more elements

A method of fabrication of a suspended particle Dense Energy Ultracapacitor DEUC module, comprising:

receiving a multilayer and unified DEUC preform (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of layers with similar melt points and flow characteristics when heated (matched), suitable for stretching by a draw process into a multilayer thin film, the Preform including DEUC structural features that are in at least one dimension proportionally larger in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the multilayer unified thin film, and where one or more layers of the Preform comprise negative and positive electrodes made from one or more of the following:
metal film, metal alloy film, metal film with a particle matrix, a conductive polymer and or a conductive polymer matrix, that are spaced apart by suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media and offset in a left/right orientation in a multilayer stack, and where one or more layers of the Preform comprise suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media, and where the high dielectric energy storage media comprises high dielectric particles that are nano sized particles suspended in a binder comprising at least one of a polymer, a copolymer, and a terpolymer, and where all of the Preform layers are bound together to form a unified Preform;
and
stretching by a draw process the multilayer unified Preform into a multilayer thin film including DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform.

1 more element

A suspended particle dense energy ultracapacitor (DEUC) module that provides rapid charge and energy storage, the DEUC module comprising:

a. a polymer sheet loaded with high dielectric particles formed through extrusion and/or spray deposition to form an energy storage media layer;
b. where conductive material is applied on both sides of the energy storage media layer to form positive and negative conducting electrode layers;
c. where the positive conducting electrode layers (positive electrodes) and the negative conducting electrode layers (negative electrodes) are offset relative one another to separate them in a left/right orientation in a multilayer stack;
and
d. a multilayer thin film a multilayer film comprising a plurality of matched layers having DEUC structural features forming a multilayer unified DEUC preform (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of matched layers, where the unified preform is stretched to reduce all of the layers in one process to form a multilayer thin film having DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform, the multilayer thin film applied as at least one of:
a layered DEUC module;
and
rolled up DEUC film forming a cylindrical DEUC module;
and
e. positive electrodes being interconnected to form a positive connector of the DEUC module;
and
f. negative electrodes being interconnected to form a negative connector of the DEUC module;
and
g. where the high dielectric particles comprise at least one of:
a proprietary version of calcium copper titanate oxide where common calcium copper titanate oxide (CaCu3Ti4Oi2) also referred to as CCTO is modified to form the proprietary version of CCTO-X (CaxCuxxTixOx);
the proprietary version of calcium copper titanate oxide (CCTO-X) having variations in copper Ca, Cu and/or Ti content;
the CCTO-X being doped with one or more materials comprising at least one of zinc, silver, aluminum, strontium boron and Lanthanum;
the CCTO-X particles being surface modified to have an electrically insulating shell surrounding each CCTO-X particle;
and
the high dielectric particles comprising at least one of:
LSNO La15/8Sr1/8NiO4 particles, which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes;
and
titanium phenyl phosphate particles which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes.

20 more elements

A Dense Energy Ultra-Capacitor (DEUC) device comprising:

a plurality of dielectric core-shell particles each with a core having a high dielectric constant based on having a permittivity value at or above 60,000, a modified stoichiometric chemical composition and an insulating shell surrounding the particle to form a core/shell nanoparticle with a particle loading factor in a polymer matrix that is close to or at the percolation threshold for the polymer matrix;
two or more matrix layers with suspended core/shell dielectric particles of energy storage layers each being less than 50 microns thick, where the insulating shell of the dielectric particle eliminates interfacial contact between the polymer matrix and the core of the dielectric particle in the polymer matrix, two or more electrical conducting layers that are electrode layers each less than 50 microns thick, at least one of the matrix layers that are energy storage layers being interleaved between at least two of the electrical conducting layers that are electrode layers.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.

Facts

Application

14/954,612Filed 30 Nov 2015 · continuation in part

Priority

13 Mar 2013

Granted

10 Jan 2017

Term ends

Not estimatedThe source records don’t support an estimate.

Classification31 codes

H01G 11/86
Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof: specially adapted for electrodes
B01J 19/2405
Stationary reactors without moving elements inside: provoking a turbulent flow of the reactants, such as in cyclones, or having a high Reynolds-number
B29C 70/58
Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts: comprising fillers only , e.g.…
B29C 70/88
Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts: characterised primarily by…

Family

Application61/851,809Us provisional application · filed 13 Mar 2013

Application61/855,140Us provisional application · filed 9 May 2013

Application14/202,803Parent of this continuation-in-part · filed 10 Mar 2014

Application62/174,004Us provisional application · filed 11 Jun 2015

US 9,200,816 B2Parent of this continuation-in-part

US 2014/0325987 A1Published application

US 9,543,080 B1This patent

From the US filing history. Foreign family members aren’t listed.

Abstract

Claims32

Dependent claims

A hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube for the synthesis of nanoparticles, comprising:

a. A hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube (HHR Tube) that has one or more output ports that converge at a mixing point;
b. Three or more input ports that converge at a mixing point that include three or more of the following;
1. Chemical solution input,
2. Disassociated hydrogen (atomic hydrogen),
3. Disassociated oxygen, and
4. Super Critical Fluid;
c. Wherein the input ports converging on the mixing point create high heat and pressure;
d. Where the chemical solution reacts with the heat and pressure to form nanoparticles;
and
e. Where the nanoparticles and remaining solution exit the mixing point into a filtration system to separate the nanoparticles for collection.

7 more elements

A method for producing nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles using a hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube system, the system comprising:

a hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube comprising a plurality of ports that converge at a mixing point, the hydrogen hydrothermal reactor tube comprising a plurality of the following:
a chemical solution input that provides nanoparticle coating solution input flow to the mixing point;
a chemical solution input that provides a nanoparticles input flow, of nanoparticles to be coated, to the mixing point;
a disassociated hydrogen (atomic hydrogen) input that provides a disassociated hydrogen (atomic hydrogen) input flow to the mixing point;
a disassociated oxygen input that provides a disassociated oxygen input flow to the mixing point;
a super critical fluid input that provides super critical fluid input flow to the mixing point;
and
a nanoparticle and/or coated nanoparticle output that provides an output flow of nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles from the mixing point;
and the method comprising:
at the mixing point, creating high heat and pressure with the one or more input flows;
forming nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles from the chemical solution reacting with the high heat and pressure;
and
exiting an output flow of nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles, and remaining solution, from the mixing point through the nanoparticle and/or coated nanoparticle output into a filtration system that separates the nanoparticles and/or coated nanoparticles for collection.

10 more elements

A suspended particle Dense Energy Ultracapacitor (DEUC) preform for fabricating a DEUC module that provides rapid charge and energy storage, comprising:

a multilayer DEUC preform in a complex circuit pattern (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of matched layers in the micron thickness range that are attached together to form a unified Preform, designed and constructed for drawing by a draw process that stretches the unified Preform to a ratio greater than 1:2 and simultaneously reduces the plurality of matched layers of the unified Preform into a multilayer thin film comprised of nano layers, of nano thickness or less, having DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform;
and
where all of the layers of the DEUC Preform are matched layers having similar a characteristics, including flow characteristics when heated and drawn (stretched) to enable a homogenous draw (stretch) of the unified Preform;
where one or more of the plurality of matched layers of the Preform comprise negative and positive electrodes made from a metal or a polymer matrix with suspended conducting particles “conducting polymer” and that are spaced apart by suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media;
where one or more layers of the plurality of matched polymer layers of the Preform comprise suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media (Energy layer);
where the high dielectric energy storage media comprises high dielectric particles that are produced using the HHR Tube system and are nano sized particles which are surface modified, to provide an electrically insulating shell applied to, and surrounding, each of the particles (Core Shell, Particles), preventing interfacial contact between the particle and the polymer layer suspending the particle, the core shell Particles are suspended in a binder comprising at least one of a polymer, a copolymer, and a terpolymer;
where alternating electrode layers are offset forming the Preform;
where the alternating electrode layers of the Preform are insulated from each other to form a left side electrode array and right side electrode array;
where each electrode array is interconnected to form a single electrode interface;
and
where the Energy layer and electrode layer polymers are cured forming a cohesive and unified Preform.

8 more elements

A method of fabrication of a suspended particle Dense Energy Ultracapacitor DEUC module, comprising:

receiving a multilayer and unified DEUC preform (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of layers with similar melt points and flow characteristics when heated (matched), suitable for stretching by a draw process into a multilayer thin film, the Preform including DEUC structural features that are in at least one dimension proportionally larger in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the multilayer unified thin film, and where one or more layers of the Preform comprise negative and positive electrodes made from one or more of the following:
metal film, metal alloy film, metal film with a particle matrix, a conductive polymer and or a conductive polymer matrix, that are spaced apart by suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media and offset in a left/right orientation in a multilayer stack, and where one or more layers of the Preform comprise suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media, and where the high dielectric energy storage media comprises high dielectric particles that are nano sized particles suspended in a binder comprising at least one of a polymer, a copolymer, and a terpolymer, and where all of the Preform layers are bound together to form a unified Preform;
and
stretching by a draw process the multilayer unified Preform into a multilayer thin film including DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform.

1 more element

A suspended particle dense energy ultracapacitor (DEUC) module that provides rapid charge and energy storage, the DEUC module comprising:

a. a polymer sheet loaded with high dielectric particles formed through extrusion and/or spray deposition to form an energy storage media layer;
b. where conductive material is applied on both sides of the energy storage media layer to form positive and negative conducting electrode layers;
c. where the positive conducting electrode layers (positive electrodes) and the negative conducting electrode layers (negative electrodes) are offset relative one another to separate them in a left/right orientation in a multilayer stack;
and
d. a multilayer thin film a multilayer film comprising a plurality of matched layers having DEUC structural features forming a multilayer unified DEUC preform (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of matched layers, where the unified preform is stretched to reduce all of the layers in one process to form a multilayer thin film having DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform, the multilayer thin film applied as at least one of:
a layered DEUC module;
and
rolled up DEUC film forming a cylindrical DEUC module;
and
e. positive electrodes being interconnected to form a positive connector of the DEUC module;
and
f. negative electrodes being interconnected to form a negative connector of the DEUC module;
and
g. where the high dielectric particles comprise at least one of:
a proprietary version of calcium copper titanate oxide where common calcium copper titanate oxide (CaCu3Ti4Oi2) also referred to as CCTO is modified to form the proprietary version of CCTO-X (CaxCuxxTixOx);
the proprietary version of calcium copper titanate oxide (CCTO-X) having variations in copper Ca, Cu and/or Ti content;
the CCTO-X being doped with one or more materials comprising at least one of zinc, silver, aluminum, strontium boron and Lanthanum;
the CCTO-X particles being surface modified to have an electrically insulating shell surrounding each CCTO-X particle;
and
the high dielectric particles comprising at least one of:
LSNO La15/8Sr1/8NiO4 particles, which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes;
and
titanium phenyl phosphate particles which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes.

20 more elements

A Dense Energy Ultra-Capacitor (DEUC) device comprising:

a plurality of dielectric core-shell particles each with a core having a high dielectric constant based on having a permittivity value at or above 60,000, a modified stoichiometric chemical composition and an insulating shell surrounding the particle to form a core/shell nanoparticle with a particle loading factor in a polymer matrix that is close to or at the percolation threshold for the polymer matrix;
two or more matrix layers with suspended core/shell dielectric particles of energy storage layers each being less than 50 microns thick, where the insulating shell of the dielectric particle eliminates interfacial contact between the polymer matrix and the core of the dielectric particle in the polymer matrix, two or more electrical conducting layers that are electrode layers each less than 50 microns thick, at least one of the matrix layers that are energy storage layers being interleaved between at least two of the electrical conducting layers that are electrode layers.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.

Hydrogen hydrothermal reaction tube for use in nanoparticle production and nanoparticle applications

Life of this patent

Abstract

Claims32

Hydrogen hydrothermal reaction tube for use in nanoparticle production and nanoparticle applications

Life of this patent

Abstract

Claims32