Electroconductive member for electrophotography, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An electroconductive member for electrophotography, comprising at least:

• an electroconductive support;
• and
• a surface layer on an outer side of the electroconductive support,
• wherein
• the surface layer comprises a porous body and satisfies the following (1), (2), and (3):
• (1) the porous body has a co-continuous structure including a skeleton that is three-dimensionally continuous and a pore that is three-dimensionally continuous;
• (2) when an arbitrary square region having one side length of 150 μm of a surface of the surface layer is photographed, and the region is equally divided into 60 parts vertically and equally divided into 60 parts horizontally so that the region is equally divided into 3,600 square parts,
• a ratio of a total sum of a number of the square parts of the skeleton and a number of the square parts of the pore with respect to a number of all the square parts is 25% or less;
• and
• (3) the porous body is non-electroconductive.